Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32868406›Full record

ArticleJournal of bacteriology2020

Identification of Uncharacterized Components of Prokaryotic Immune Systems and Their Diverse Eukaryotic Reformulations.

A Maxwell Burroughs, L Aravind

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  7. A Gifsy prophage-encoded protein confers broad phage resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
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  16. Bacterial Schlafens mediate anti-phage defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
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  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

A Maxwell BurroughsComputational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2229-8771
L AravindComputational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA aravind@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0003-0771-253X
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Evolutionary Analysis and Comparative Genomics of Protein SuperfamiliesZIALM594244 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI ARAVIND, L · 2009 to 2025
$20.3M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nucleotide-activated effector deployment, prototyped by interferon-dependent immunity, is a common mechanistic theme shared by immune systems of several animals and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic versions include CRISPR-Cas with the CRISPR polymerase domain, their minimal variants, and systems with second messenger oligonucleotide or dinucleotide synthetase (SMODS). Cyclic or linear oligonucleotide signals in these systems help set a threshold for the activation of potentially deleterious downstream effectors in response to invader detection. We establish such a regulatory mechanism to be a more general principle of immune systems, which can also operate independently of such messengers. Using sensitive sequence analysis and comparative genomics, we identify 12 new prokaryotic immune systems, which we unify by this principle of threshold-dependent effector activation. These display regulatory mechanisms paralleling physiological signaling based on 3'-5' cyclic mononucleotides, NAD

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceBacteriaBacterial ProteinsEukaryotaGenomicsImmune SystemNucleotidesSequence AlignmentBacterial ProteinsNucleotidesASK signalosomebiological conflict systemscyclic nucleotideshistidine kinaseNAD+sensor domainSMODSTPR-SWntsYEATS

Identifiers

PMID32868406
PMCPMC7685563
OpenAlexW3082970947

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.