ArticleBMJ open2020
Global and regional incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years for Epstein-Barr virus-attributable malignancies, 1990-2017.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative study of three treatment approaches on overall survival and treatment response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: network meta-analysis of RCTs (4221 patients).Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Estimating the global burden of Epstein-Barr virus-related cancers.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- BFLF1 gene polymorphisms are associated with increased mortality in patients with EBV-associated diseases.Hereditas · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence and associated factors of Epstein-Barr virus among blood donors in Sana'a, Yemen.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological evidence for the role of puberty and immune senescence in Hodgkin lymphoma aetiology from 1992 Danish cases.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Significance of Circulating EBV-miR-BHRF1-3 and EBV-miR-BART2-5p in Lymphoma A Case-Control Study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of HDAC inhibitor-induced EBV lytic heterogeneity defines abortive and refractory states in B lymphoblasts.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Transgenic mouse-derived human monoclonal antibodies targeting EBV gp350 and gp42 provide basis for therapeutic development.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Hit-and-run hypothesis: revisiting the impact of EBV in malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Destabilization of hsa_circ_0015508 by YTHDF2 Enhances miR-496-Mediated FOXN3 Suppression to Drive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression.Oncology research · 2026Article
- The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Profiling of HDAC Inhibitor-Induced EBV Lytic Heterogeneity Defines Abortive and Refractory States in B Lymphoblasts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- The growing interests in Epstein-Barr virus: A bibliometric analysis of research trends, collaborations, and emerging hotspots.Infectious medicine · 2025Article
- From Viral Infection to Malignancy: The Dual Threat of EBV and COVID-19 in Cancer Development.Viruses · 2025Review
- Genome integration of human DNA oncoviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Global Burden and Gender Disparities in Head and Neck Cancers Among Adults Aged 40-64, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the global and regional burden of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-attributed malignancies.
designAn international comparative study based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study estimates.
settingGlobal population by age, sex, region, demographic index and time. METHODS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: The burden of EBV-attributed Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC) was estimated in a two-step process. In the first step, the fraction of each malignancy attributable to EBV was estimated based on published studies; this was then applied to the GBD estimates to determine the global and regional incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for each malignancy by age, sex, geographical region and social demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2017.
resultsThe combined global incidence of BL, HL, NPC and GC in 2017 was 1.442 million cases, with over 973 000 deaths. An estimated 265 000 (18%) incident cases and 164 000 (17%) deaths were due to the EBV-attributed fraction. This is an increase of 36% in incidence and 19% in mortality from 1990. In 2017, EBV-attributed malignancies caused 4.604 million DALYs, of which 82% was due to NPC and GC alone. The incidence of both of these malignancies was higher in high and middle-high SDI regions and peaked in adults aged between 50 and 70 years. All four malignancies were more common in males and the highest burden was observed in East Asia.
conclusionsThis study provides comprehensive estimates of the burden of EBV-attributed BL, HL, NPC and GC. The overall burden of EBV-related malignancies is likely to be higher since EBV is aetiologically linked to several other malignancies not included in this analysis. Increasing global population and life expectancy is expected to further raise this burden in the future. The urgency for developing an effective vaccine to prevent these malignancies cannot be overstated.
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