ReviewCritical care (London, England)2020
The importance of airway and lung microbiome in the critically ill.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04849039 ("Pulmonary Microbiota and Related Immunity Role in Predicting Ventilator Associated- Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
"Pulmonary Microbiota and Related Immunity Role in Predicting Ventilator Associated- Pneumonia (VAP) Development in Mechanical Ventilated Patients"
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Composition and diversity of the pulmonary microbiome in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Integrating gut‑brain axis insights into bundled nutrition care for critically ill patients: From mechanisms to implementation (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospital-Acquired/Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Host-pathogen interactions during ESKAPE-mediated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in ARDS: beyond microbial translocation.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Assessment of Microbiome-Based Pathogen Detection Using Illumina Short-Read and Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing in 144 Patients Undergoing Bronchoalveolar Lavage in a University Hospital in Germany.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Analysis of ICU resistome dynamics in patients, staff and environment for the identification of predictive biomarkers of sepsis and early mortality.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Throwing the microbiome out with the bathwater.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Advocating for the recognition of underlying immunosuppression in critical illness.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Pathogenic profiles and lower respiratory tract microbiota in severe pneumonia patients using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Article
- Lung and gut microbiota profiling in intensive care unit patients: a prospective pilot study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- The intricate interactions between the lungs and gut in patients: unraveling the crosstalk mechanism.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Gut-lung immunometabolic crosstalk in sepsis: from microbiota to respiratory failure.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- A mini-review of the relationship between intestinal microecology and acute respiratory distress syndrome.PeerJ · 2025Review
- Clinical relevance of lung microbiota composition in critically ill children with acute lower respiratory tract infections: insights from a retrospective analysis of metagenomic sequencing.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacterial contamination and infection control practices in the mortuary at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- The spectrum of pneumonia among intubated neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Prior carbapenem exposure increases the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically Ill children.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 12 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During critical illness, there are a multitude of forces such as antibiotic use, mechanical ventilation, diet changes and inflammatory responses that could bring the microbiome out of balance. This so-called dysbiosis of the microbiome seems to be involved in immunological responses and may influence outcomes even in individuals who are not as vulnerable as a critically ill ICU population. It is therefore probable that dysbiosis of the microbiome is a consequence of critical illness and may, subsequently, shape an inadequate response to these circumstances.Bronchoscopic studies have revealed that the carina represents the densest site of bacterial DNA along healthy airways, with a tapering density with further bifurcations. This likely reflects the influence of micro-aspiration as the primary route of microbial immigration in healthy adults. Though bacterial DNA density grows extremely sparse at smaller airways, bacterial signal is still consistently detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, likely reflecting the fact that lavage via a wedged bronchoscope samples an enormous surface area of small airways and alveoli. The dogma of lung sterility also violated numerous observations that long predated culture-independent microbiology.The body's resident microbial consortia (gut and/or respiratory microbiota) affect normal host inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. Disruptions in these host-pathogen interactions have been associated with infection and altered innate immunity.In this narrative review, we will focus on the rationale and current evidence for a pathogenic role of the lung microbiome in the exacerbation of complications of critical illness, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.