Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32867026›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020

The Effect of Calcium and Halide Ions on the Gramicidin A Molecular State and Antimicrobial Activity.

Kathleen D Carillo, Chi-Jen Lo, Der-Lii M Tzou, Yi-Hung Lin, Shang-Ting Fang, Shu-Hsiang Huang, Yi-Cheng Chen

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 43% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Kathleen D CarilloTaiwan International Graduate Program, Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
Chi-Jen LoMetabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-4439-8033
Der-Lii M TzouInstitute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-3755-8230
Yi-Hung LinExperimental Facility Division, Industrial Application Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
Shang-Ting FangDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
Shu-Hsiang HuangDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
Yi-Cheng ChenDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-2443-7365
Mackay Medical University · TWChang Gung University · TWNational Chiayi University · TWNational Synchrotron Radiation Research Center · TWNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gramicidin A (gA) forms several convertible conformations in different environments. In this study, we investigated the effect of calcium halides on the molecular state and antimicrobial activity of gramicidin A. The molecular state of gramicidin A is highly affected by the concentration of calcium salt and the type of halide anion. Gramicidin A can exist in two states that can be characterized by circular dichroism (CD), mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. In State 1, the main molecular state of gramicidin A is as a dimer, and the addition of calcium salt can convert a mixture of four species into a single species, which is possibly a left-handed parallel double helix. In State 2, the addition of calcium halides drives gramicidin A dissociation and denaturation from a structured dimer into a rapid equilibrium of structured/unstructured monomer. We found that the abilities of dissociation and denaturation were highly dependent on the type of halide anion. The dissociation ability of calcium halides may play a vital role in the antimicrobial activity, as the structured monomeric form had the highest antimicrobial activity. Herein, our study demonstrated that the molecular state was correlated with the antimicrobial activity.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBromidesCalcium ChlorideCalcium CompoundsCircular DichroismGramicidinMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular ConformationSpectrometry, FluorescenceStaphylococcus aureusAnti-Bacterial AgentsBromidescalcium bromideCalcium ChlorideCalcium CompoundsGramicidinantimicrobial activitydissociationgramicidin Ahalidemolecular state

Identifiers

PMID32867026
PMCPMC7503548
OpenAlexW3080404000

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.