ReviewVision research2020
Rethinking amblyopia 2020.
Review in Vision research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 97 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
'Validation and Development of New Dichoptic VR-gaming Method to Treat Childhood Amblyopia; Vedea Amblyopia Therapy (VAT)
Combining Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Augmented Reality-based Dichoptic Therapy for Treating Amblyopic Adults
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions for improving adherence to amblyopia treatments in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Home-based screening tools for amblyopia: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Amblyopia: progress and promise of functional magnetic resonance imaging.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of patching combined with action video games in amblyopic children aged 4-10 years: A randomised clinical trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- NEIVATECH pilot study: immersive virtual reality training in older amblyopic children with non-compliance or non-response to patching.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Comparison of compliance among patients with pediatric amblyopia undergoing virtual reality-based and traditional patching method training.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Barriers to successful dichoptic treatment for amblyopia in young children.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Trial
- Evaluation of the effect of patching therapy on dry eye tests and tear film osmolarity in children with amblyopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Abnormal Binocular Rivalry Dynamics in Amblyopia: A Potential Diagnostic Marker.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Comparative Effects of Monocular and Stereopsis Training on Visual Acuity and Stereoacuity in Children With Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Effect of active vision therapy on task-based saccadic and smooth pursuit performance in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Journal of optometry · 2026Article
- Sensory Eye Dominance Remains Stable Across Binocular Combination and Rivalry in Normal and Anisometropic Amblyopic Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Predicting Letter Acuity Using Vernier-Induced OKN and Consumer-Grade Cameras.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Training in Gabor Orientation Identification Optimizes the Temporal Window of Adults With Anisometropic Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Amblyopia in 2026: A State-of-the-Art Review of Multidimensional Phenotyping, Response Heterogeneity, and Clinical Considerations.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- A 9-Year-Old Boy With Strabismus, Anisometropic Amblyopia, and Myopia in the Left Eye, Associated With Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers Syndrome, Managed With Multimodal Therapy.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Effects of Monocular Perceptual Learning on Eye-Specific Cortical Activity in Residual Anisometropic Amblyopia: Evidence From EEG Asymmetry.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Combined Occlusion Therapy and Home-Based Perceptual Learning in Children with Persistent Amblyopia: A Longitudinal Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs on Efficacy of Conventional vs. Emerging Treatments for Amblyopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality-Based Program for Pediatric Patients With Amblyopia: Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Arm Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Recent work has transformed our ideas about the neural mechanisms, behavioral consequences and effective therapies for amblyopia. Since the 1700's, the clinical treatment for amblyopia has consisted of patching or penalizing the strong eye, to force the "lazy" amblyopic eye, to work. This treatment has generally been limited to infants and young children during a sensitive period of development. Over the last 20 years we have learned much about the nature and neural mechanisms underlying the loss of spatial and binocular vision in amblyopia, and that a degree of neural plasticity persists well beyond the sensitive period. Importantly, the last decade has seen a resurgence of research into new approaches to the treatment of amblyopia both in children and adults, which emphasize that monocular therapies may not be the most effective for the fundamentally binocular disorder that is amblyopia. These approaches include perceptual learning, video game play and binocular methods aimed at reducing inhibition of the amblyopic eye by the strong fellow eye, and enhancing binocular fusion and stereopsis. This review focuses on the what we've learned over the past 20 years or so, and will highlight both the successes of these new treatment approaches in labs around the world, and their failures in clinical trials. Reconciling these results raises important new questions that may help to focus future directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.