ArticleClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2020
Interferon gamma, TGF-β1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Article in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Decoding the Potential Impact of Plasma hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-181 d-3p Expression, Plasma IFN-γ Levels, and IFNG rs2069727 T/C Genetic Variant on Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Glatiramer Acetate Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication through multistep inhibition.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Upregulates RANTES Expression in A172 Glioblastoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of immunoproteasome inhibition on acute respiratory infection with murine hepatitis virus strain 1.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Differential Inflammatory and Immune Response to Viral Infection in the Upper-Airway and Peripheral Blood of Mild COVID-19 Cases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
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- A deficient immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx is associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies.Viruses · 2023Article
- Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lung fibrosis: Post-COVID-19 complications and evidences.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
- Differential expression of antiviral and immune-related genes in individuals with COVID-19 asymptomatic or with mild symptoms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The pathogenesis of coronavirus-19 disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
- Association of TNF-α, TGF-β1, amphiregulin, IL-2, and EGFR WITH pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Article
- Downregulation of sCD40 and sCTLA4 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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- Possible Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and TGF-β in COVID-19 Severity and Sequelae.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022Review
- High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Low CCL5 Expression Levels in the Upper Respiratory Tract Are Associated With COVID-19 Severity.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Interferon-γ Preferentially Promotes Necroptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells by Upregulating MLKL.Cells · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Releasing of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Forty five SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, whose were divided in two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Twenty healthy persons, SARS-CoV-2 negative were included as controls. Higher IFN-γ expression was detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison with controls (p = 0.0393). IFN-γ expression was increased in symptomatic patients (p = 0.0405). TGF-β1 and RANTES expressions were lower in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than controls (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0011, respectively). A significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 was observed in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic patients (r = +0.61, p = 0.0014). The findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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