ReviewEar, nose, & throat journal2021
Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature.
Review in Ear, nose, & throat journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential of circulating microRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Trends of nucleic acid - based point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Hidden SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infections in Young Children: What Routine Tests Do Not Tell.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Variability of RT-qPCR Standard Curves on Reliable Viral Detection in Wastewater Surveillance.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for the Detection of COVID-19.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- BRET-based biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 oligonucleotide detection.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Serological survey in a university community after the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Senegal.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Comparable detection of nasopharyngeal swabs and induced sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection of suspected novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) patients in Fayoum governorate, Egypt.Beni-Suef University journal of basic and applied sciences · 2023Article
- Cross-Sectional Study on Lateral Skull Radiographs to Design a New Nasopharyngeal Swab for Simplified COVID-19 and Respiratory Infections Diagnostic Testing in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Clinical Evaluation of Three Commercial RT-PCR Kits for Routine COVID-19 Diagnosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- COVID salivary diagnostics: A comparative technical study.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Performance of the FREND™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM Duo point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.Acta clinica Belgica · 2022Article
- The Safety of Cold-Chain Food in Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: Precaution and Quarantine.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Incidence and predictors of organ failure among COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Hospital-based retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Analysis by real-time PCR of five transport and conservation mediums of nasopharyngeal swab samples to COVID-19 diagnosis in Santiago of Chile.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Automatic system for high-throughput and high-sensitivity diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2022Article
- Article
- Measuring the Possibility of Middle Ear Discharge for COVID-19 Test Material.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe most widely used diagnostic technique for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It can be done on different samples: nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) or oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), and self-collected saliva. However, negative findings do not rule out infection.
methodsA review was conceived to discuss advantages and limitations of the available diagnostic modalities for nonserologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 based on RT-PCR; the article also proposes some practical suggestions to improve diagnostic reliability.
resultsA total of 16 papers (corresponding to 452 patients) of the 56 initially identified were included. Most of the papers describe findings from different samples obtained in limited case series; comparative studies are missing.
conclusionsDiagnostic accuracy of NPS and OPS is suboptimal and the risk of contaminated aerosol dispersal is not negligible. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found in self-collected saliva specimens of many infected patients within 7 to 10 days after symptom onset. There is an urgent need for comparative trials to define the diagnostic modality of choice. Adequate education and training of health care personnel is mandatory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.