ArticleClinical endocrinology2021
Complement activation in polycystic ovary syndrome occurs in the postprandial and fasted state and is influenced by obesity and insulin sensitivity.
Article in Clinical endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between serum complement C3 and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- An Exploratory Study of Vitamin D and Matrix Metalloproteinase and Their Regulators in Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bridging the Practice Gap: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as an Under-Recognised Risk State for Ischaemic Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The endurance effort on a mechanical treadmill does not activate the complement system among trained young women.PloS one · 2026Article
- Shared immune-inflammatory gene networks and drug prediction in polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bioinformatics and experimental validation study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of Complement Proteins with C Reactive Protein in Non-Obese Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the Combination of Traditional Chinese and Allopathic Medicine in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from the Perspective of Modern Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals complement component 3 as a central driver of immune dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The complement system in human pregnancy and preeclampsia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Review on the Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Immune Dysregulation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.Cureus · 2024Review
- A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study of Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Non-Obese Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Association with Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Alzheimer-Related Proteins in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The interplay between androgens and the immune response in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Kaempferol, a Phytoprogestin, Induces a Subset of Progesterone-Regulated Genes in the Uterus.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- High density lipoprotein-associated proteins in non-obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- A bibliometric analysis and visualization of literature on non-fasting lipid research from 2012 to 2022.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Components of the Complement Cascade Differ in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with metabolic risk. Complement proteins regulate inflammation and lipid clearance but their role in PCOS-associated metabolic risk is unclear. We sought to establish whether the complement system is activated in PCOS in the fasting and postprandial state.
designCase-control study. PATIENTS: Fasting complement levels were measured in 84 women with PCOS and 95 healthy controls. Complement activation post-oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) was compared in 40 additional subjects (20 PCOS, 20 controls). MEASUREMENTS: Activation pathway (C3, C4, C3a(desArg), factor B, factor H, properdin, Factor D) and terminal pathway (C5, C5a, terminal complement complex [TCC]) proteins were measured by commercial or in-house assays.
resultsFasting C3, C3a(desArg) and TCC concentrations were increased in insulin-resistant (adjusted differences: C3 0.13 g/L [95%CI 0-0.25]; C3a(desArg) 319.2 ng/mL [19.5-619]; TCC 0.66 μg/mL [0.04-1.28]) but not in insulin-sensitive women with PCOS. C3 and factor H levels increased with obesity. Post-OFTT, C3 and C4 levels increased to a similar extent in PCOS subjects and controls, whist factor H levels increased more in women with PCOS compared to controls (adjusted differences (area under the curve): 12 167 μg min/mL [4942-19 392]), particularly in the presence of concomitant obesity.
conclusionsActivation and terminal complement pathway components are elevated in patients with PCOS, especially in the presence of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.