Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32864993›Full record

ArticleAssessment2021

Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II.

Zachary J Williams, Jonas Everaert, Katherine O Gotham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Assessment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Autistic Traits and Psychosocial Predictors of Depressive Symptoms.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025
    Article
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  14. Article
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  17. Measurement invariance of the PROMIS emotional distress and subjective well-being domains among autistic and General Population adolescents.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
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  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zachary J WilliamsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7646-423X
Jonas EveraertGhent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Katherine O GothamRowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.

Funding

The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007347 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER S. · 1985 to 2023
$26.3M
Overall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lea K Davis · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
Research Project: Sensory and Multisensory Contributions to AutismU54HD083211 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI DYKENS, ELISABETH MAY · 2015 to 2019
$7.1M
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIORT32MH018921 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI HUMPHREYS, KATHRYN LEIGH · 1989 to 2024
$6.7M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM152284 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Christopher S. Williams · 2024 to 2026
$4.8M
Repetitive Thinking and Emotional Health in Adults with ASDR01MH113576 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOTHAM, KATHERINE O · 2018 to 2022
$2.0M
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Depression: Shared Mechanisms in Brain and BehaviorK01MH103500 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOTHAM, KATHERINE O · 2014 to 2017
$640k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD083211NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007347NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152284NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH103500NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113576NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018921
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depressive disorders are common in autistic adults, but few studies have examined the extent to which common depression questionnaires are psychometrically appropriate for use in this population. Using item response theory, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a sample of 947 autistic adults. BDI-II latent trait scores exhibited strong reliability, construct validity, and moderate ability to discriminate between depressed and nondepressed adults on the autism spectrum (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.796 [0.763, 0.826], sensitivity = 0.820 [0.785, 0.852], specificity = 0.653 [0.601, 0.699]). These results collectively indicate that the BDI-II is a valid measure of depressive symptoms in autistic adults, appropriate for quantifying depression severity in research studies or screening for depressive disorders in clinical settings. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of BDI-II latent trait scores for clinical and research applications (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/bdi_score/).

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderAdultDepressionHumansPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPsychometricsReproducibility of Resultsautism spectrum disorderBeck Depression Inventory–IIdepressionitem response theorypsychometric

Identifiers

PMID32864993
PMCPMC8522206

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.