ArticleNPJ digital medicine2020
International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium.
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Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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120citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Common data models and data standards for tabular health data: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Pooled it
- A Hybrid Architecture (CO-CONNECT) to Facilitate Rapid Discovery and Access to Data Across the United Kingdom in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular diseases burden in COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- PDA (Privacy-Preserving Distributed Algorithms) in action: ten principles for high-quality multi-site clinical evidence generation.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Estimating the incidence and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage from the national ENACT network.npj health systems · 2026Article
- A distributed analysis approach for pharmacovigilance data from electronic medical records in German university hospitals: the POLAR_MI ETL Pipeline.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- A communication-efficient federated learning algorithm to assess racial disparities in post-transplantation survival time.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Data science for pediatric infectious disease: utilizing COVID-19 as a model.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Assessing Covariate Balance With Small Sample Sizes.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Unlocking efficiency in real-world collaborative studies: a multi-site international study with one-shot lossless GLMM algorithm.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing Covariate Balance with Small Sample Sizes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- COLA-GLM: collaborative one-shot and lossless algorithms of generalized linear models for decentralized observational healthcare data.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Label efficient phenotyping for Long COVID using electronic health records.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Bridging Data Silos in Oncology with Modular Software for Federated Analysis on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources: Multisite Implementation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Federated Adaptive Causal Estimation (FACE) of Target Treatment Effects.Journal of the American Statistical Association · 2025Article
- Robust Inference for Federated Meta-Learning.Journal of the American Statistical Association · 2025Article
- Anonymize or synthesize? Privacy-preserving methods for heart failure score analytics.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on bacterial infections in children: an international electronic health record-based study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
87 authors.
Gabriel A Brat *Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3928-5931
Griffin M Weber *Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Nils GehlenborgDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Paul AvillachDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0235-7543
Nathan P PalmerDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Luca ChiovatoIRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
James CiminoUAB Informatics Institute, Birmingham, AL USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4101-1622
Lemuel R WaitmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA.
Gilbert S OmennDepartment of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8976-6074
Alberto MaloviniIRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
Jason H MooreInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Brett K Beaulieu-JonesDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6700-1468
Valentina TibolloIRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
Shawn N MurphyDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
Sehi L' YiDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7720-2848
Mark S KellerDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Riccardo BellazziIRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
David A HanauerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6931-3791
Arnaud Serret-LarmandeDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2642-2514
Alba Gutierrez-SacristanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1245-198X
John J HolmesInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Douglas S BellDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5063-8294
Kenneth D MandlComputational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9781-0477
Robert W FollettDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1618-2817
Jeffrey G KlannDepartment of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2043-1601
Douglas A MuradDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Luigia ScudellerScientific Direction, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7240-9567
Mauro BucaloBIOMERIS (BIOMedical Research Informatics Solutions), Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0407-6120
Katie KirchoffBiomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA.
Jean CraigBiomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA.
Jihad ObeidBiomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7193-7779
Vianney JouhetBordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5272-2265
Romain GriffierBordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1096-137X
Sebastien CossinBordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3845-8127
Bertrand MoalBordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
Lav P PatelDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8626-137X
Antonio BellasiUOC Ricerca, Innovazione e Brand Reputation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7830-1645
Hans U ProkoschDepartment of Medical Informatics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Detlef KraskaCenter for Medical Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Piotr SlizComputational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6522-0835
Amelia L M TanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0623-6623
Kee Yuan NgiamNational University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-5676-2520
Alberto ZambelliDepartment of Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Danielle L MoweryInstitute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3802-4457
Emily SchiverPenn Medicine, Data Analytics Center, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Batsal DevkotaDepartment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Robert L BradfordNorth Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0908-1428
Mohamad DaniarComputational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
Christel DanielWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Vincent BenoitWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Romain BeyWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Nicolas ParisWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Patricia SerreWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Nina OrlovaWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Julien DubielWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Martin HilkaWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Anne Sophie JannotDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, HEGP, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Stephane BreantWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Judith LeblancClinical Research Unit, Saint Antoine Hospital, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0323-6671
Nicolas GriffonWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9602-6429
Anita BurgunDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, HEGP, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Melodie BernauxStrategy and Transformation Department, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Arnaud SandrinWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Elisa SalamancaWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Sylvie CormontWIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Thomas GanslandtHeinrich-Lanz-Center for Digital Health, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6864-8936
Tobias GradingerHeinrich-Lanz-Center for Digital Health, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8049-2900
Julien ChampINRIA Sophia-Antipolis-ZENITH Team, LIRMM, Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0002-2042-0411
Martin BoekerInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2972-2042
Patricia MartelClinical Research Unit, Paris Saclay, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France.
Loic EsteveSED/SIERRA, Inria Centre de Paris, Paris, France.
Alexandre GramfortUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Olivier GriselUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Damien LeprovostClevy.io, Paris, France.
Thomas MoreauUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Gael VaroquauxUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Jill-Jênn VieSequeL, Inria Lille, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9304-2220
Demian WassermannUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5194-6056
Arthur MenschENS, PSL University, Paris, France.
Charlotte CaucheteuxUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Christian HaverkampInstitute of Digitalization in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8165-4783
Guillaume LemaitreUniversité Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France.
Silvano BosariIRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Ian D KrantzDepartment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2442-1128
Andrew SouthBrenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3204-4142
Tianxi CaiDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5379-2502
Isaac S KohaneDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2192-5160
Funding
Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001420 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ARD, JAMY D, FOLEY, KRISTIE L · 2015 to 2023
$32.3MTraining Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative GenomicsT32HG002295 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Peter J Park · 2001 to 2026
$15.8MNRSA Training CoreTL1TR001883 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ALEX BUI, Nina Thawata Harawa · 2016 to 2026
$8.6MBiases introduced by filtering electronic health records for patients with "complete data"R01LM013345 · NLM · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WEBER, GRIFFIN M · 2020 to 2023
$1.4MThe role of angiotensin-(1-7) in hypertension and hypertension-induced heart and kidney damageK23HL148394 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SOUTH, ANDREW MICHAEL · 2020 to 2024
$783kNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG002295NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL148394NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013345
Abstract
We leveraged the largely untapped resource of electronic health record data to address critical clinical and epidemiological questions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To do this, we formed an international consortium (4CE) of 96 hospitals across five countries (www.covidclinical.net). Contributors utilized the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) or Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) platforms to map to a common data model. The group focused on temporal changes in key laboratory test values. Harmonized data were analyzed locally and converted to a shared aggregate form for rapid analysis and visualization of regional differences and global commonalities. Data covered 27,584 COVID-19 cases with 187,802 laboratory tests. Case counts and laboratory trajectories were concordant with existing literature. Laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis showed hospital-level differences equivalent to country-level variation across the consortium partners. Despite the limitations of decentralized data generation, we established a framework to capture the trajectory of COVID-19 disease in patients and their response to interventions.
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