ArticleTobacco regulatory science2016
Differences in cigarette design and metal content across five countries: results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project.
Article in Tobacco regulatory science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemical Dissection of PMToxics · 2025Article
- Concentrations of nicotine, nitrosamines, and humectants in legal and illegal cigarettes in Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2018Article
- Effects of Filter Ventilation on Behavioral Economic Demand for Cigarettes: A Preliminary Investigation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe current study examines physical cigarette design characteristics and tobacco metal content of cigarettes obtained from 5 countries to determine how these properties vary for cigarette brands, both within and across countries with different dominant manufacturers.
methodsCigarette packs were collected from International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey (ITC) participants in the U.S., the U.K., Mauritius, Mexico, and Thailand. Cigarettes were assessed for physical and design properties (eg, ventilation, pressure drop, rod density, weight) by published methods, and for metal content (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
resultsSignificant differences in cigarette design and toxic metal concentrations were observed between countries and between manufacturers within countries. Filter ventilation, which is strongly predictive of machine-measured tar and nicotine levels, varied most widely across countries. Ni and Cd were highest in Thailand (2.23ug/g and 1.64ug/g, respectively); As was highest in Mexico (0.29ug/g) and Pb was highest in the U.K. (0.43 ug/g).
conclusionsParties to the FCTC should consider the adoption of uniform product standards related to cigarette design, emissions, and tobacco content that would reduce population health risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.