ArticleMaterials horizons2019
Individual cell-only bioink and photocurable supporting medium for 3D printing and generation of engineered tissues with complex geometries.
Article in Materials horizons, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering high-fidelity bone organoids: Operational classification, multilineage crosstalk, biofabrication evidence, and translational validation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Recent advances in immunocompetent human skin-on-chip models: Construction strategies and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Reprogrammable 4D tissue engineering hydrogel scaffold via reversible ion printing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Embedded cell-only bioprinting to engineer structurally aligned meniscal fibrocartilage.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Light-assisted 3D bioprinting of tough hydrogels in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Microgel-Based 3D Bioprinting: A Convergent Strategy Integrating Material Design, Jamming Dynamics, and Biological Function.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Cell-only bioprinting of articular cartilage progenitor cells within a physically constraining support bath to engineer structurally organized grafts.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Unconventional bioprinting modalities for advanced tissue biofabrication.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Article
- Tailoring agarose fluid gels for use in suspension bath bioprinting and culture of spheroid-based bioinks.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Cell Contractile Forces Drive Spatiotemporal Morphogenesis in 4D Bioprinted Living Constructs.Matter · 2025Article
- Stress relaxing granular bioprinting materials enable complex and uniform organoid self-organization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adaptive and context-aware volumetric printing.Nature · 2025Article
- Latest Advanced Techniques for Improving Intestinal Organoids Limitations.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Machine Learning in Gel-Based Additive Manufacturing: From Material Design to Process Optimization.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clickable PEG-norbornene microgels support suspension bioprinting and microvascular assembly.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Biofabrication of engineered tissues by 3D bioprinting of tissue specific high cell-density bioinks.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- Biofabrication in suspension media-a decade of advances.Biofabrication · 2025Review
- Engineered nascent living human tissues with unit programmability.Nature materials · 2025Article
- Silk fibroin-based hydrogels for cartilage organoids in osteoarthritis treatment.Theranostics · 2025Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Scaffold-free engineering of three-dimensional (3D) tissue has focused on building sophisticated structures to achieve functional constructs. Although the development of advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing has brought remarkable capabilities to the field of tissue engineering, technology to create and culture individual cell only-based high-resolution tissues, without an intervening biomaterial scaffold to maintain construct shape and architecture, has been unachievable to date. In this report, we introduce a cell printing platform which addresses the aforementioned challenge and permits 3D printing and long-term culture of a living cell-only bioink lacking a biomaterial carrier for functional tissue formation. A biodegradable and photocrosslinkable microgel supporting bath serves initially as a fluid, allowing free movement of the printing nozzle for high-resolution cell extrusion, while also presenting solid-like properties to sustain the structure of the printed constructs. The printed human stem cells, which are the only component of the bioink, couple together via transmembrane adhesion proteins and differentiate down tissue-specific lineages while being cultured in a further photocrosslinked supporting bath to form bone and cartilage tissue with precisely controlled structure. Collectively, this system, which is applicable to general 3D printing strategies, is a paradigm shift for printing of scaffold-free individual cells, cellular condensations and organoids, and may have far reaching impact in the fields of regenerative medicine, drug screening, and developmental biology.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.