Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32863997›Full record

ReviewArchives of medical science : AMS2020

A global perspective on the costs of hypertension: a systematic review.

Ewelina Wierzejska, Bogusz Giernaś, Agnieszka Lipiak, Monika Karasiewicz, Mateusz Cofta, Rafał Staszewski

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. The association between pro-inflammatory diet and incidence of hypertension: a prospective cohort study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  13. Burden of hypertension-related diseases in Eastern Mediterranean region.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Network pharmacology andArchives of medical science : AMS · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ewelina WierzejskaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Bogusz GiernaśDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Agnieszka LipiakDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Monika KarasiewiczDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Mateusz CoftaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Rafał StaszewskiDepartment of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacoeconomics in Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHypertension, particularly untreated, leads to serious complications and contributes to high costs incurred by the whole society. The aim of the review was to carry out a social and economic comparison of various categories of hypertension costs from different countries. MATERIAL AND

methodsThe study was a systematic review. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched. Hypertension costs were analyzed in 8 cost categories. An attempt was made to determine whether selected economic and social factors (such as HDI or GDP) influenced hypertension costs.

resultsThe review included data from 15 countries: Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Poland, Spain, USA, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. The papers included in the review were heterogeneous with respect to cost categories, which made comparisons difficult. The average total costs of hypertension for all the studied countries, calculated per person, amounted to 630.14 Int$, direct costs - 1,497.36 Int$, and indirect costs - 282.34 Int$. The ranking of countries by costs and by selected economic and social indices points at the possible relationship between these indices and hypertension costs.

conclusionsThe costs of hypertension calculated per country reached the region of several dozen billion Int$. Other sources usually showed lower costs than those presented in this review. This indicates a growth in costs from year to year and the future increasing burden on society. Globally uniform cost terminology and cost calculation standards need to be developed. That would facilitate making more informed decisions regarding fund allocation in hypertension management schemes.

Indexed as

direct costsdrug costshospital costshypertension costsindirect costssocioeconomic indicestotal costs

Identifiers

PMID32863997
PMCPMC7444692

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.