ArticleAddiction research & theory2020
A Comparison of Substance Use Patterns Among Lifetime Heroin-Injecting Individuals By Racial Groups.
Article in Addiction research & theory, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evaluation of Opioid Use in Black Communities: A Rapid Review of the Literature.Harvard review of psychiatryPooled it
- Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- History of regular nonmedical sedative and/or alcohol use differentiates substance-use patterns and consequences among chronic heroin users.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies have identified differential substance use patterns by racial groups. One of the most commonly reported differences is a higher rate of injection drug use (IDU) among Non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans, but this is complicated by factors related to IDU (e.g., earlier drug-use initiation) that overlap with being White.
objectiveWe explored differential substance use-patterns by racial groups within a sample of injection heroin users.
methodsSubstance-use data were collected from 373 not-in-treatment heroin users who endorsed any lifetime injection use (69.4% male). We examined differences in substance-use patterns (e.g., age of initiation, gateway adherence) by racial groups. Multiple t-tests with Bonferroni correction were conducted to understand which demographic and substance-use characteristics varied by racial groups.
resultsRelative to Non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans (45.8% of sample) were more likely to start using heroin earlier in their life, but also more likely to experience a longer delay between starting and regularly using heroin. We also identified differences in the degree of (injection) heroin-use consequences by racial groups. After correcting for multiple comparisons and controlling for age and gender, we observed differences for six substance-use and demographic characteristics by racial group. White participants were younger, started cocaine use earlier, and experienced more heroin-use consequences across two separate domains.
conclusionsAfter controlling for injection use, we observed differential substance-use characteristics by racial groups. The findings could be used to develop targeted prevention and harm-reduction strategies.
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