ArticleInternational journal of multilingualism2019
Learning and processing of orthography-to-phonology mappings in a third language.
Article in International journal of multilingualism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neural signatures of automatic letter-speech sound integration in literate adults.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Gestures as Scaffolding to Learn Vocabulary in a Foreign Language.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Orthographic learning in adults through overt and covert reading.Acta psychologica · 2023Article
- How does bilingual experience influence novel word learning? Evidence from comparing L1-L3 and L2-L3 cognate status.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The role of phonology during visual word learning in adults: An integrative review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bilinguals' two languages are both active in parallel, and controlling co-activation is one of bilinguals' principle challenges. Trilingualism multiplies this challenge. To investigate how third language (L3) learners manage interference between languages, Spanish-English bilinguals were taught an artificial language that conflicted with English and Spanish letter-sound mappings. Interference from existing languages was higher for L3 words that were similar to L1 or L2 words, but this interference decreased over time. After mastering the L3, learners continued to experience competition from their other languages. Notably, spoken L3 words activated orthography in all three languages, causing participants to experience cross-linguistic orthographic competition in the absence of phonological overlap. Results indicate that L3 learners are able to control between-language interference from the L1 and L2. We conclude that while the transition from two languages to three presents additional challenges, bilinguals are able to successfully manage competition between languages in this new context.
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