ArticleEarly childhood research quarterly
Measures of Early Social Communication and Vocabulary Production to Predict Language Outcomes at Two and Three Years in Late-Talking Toddlers.
Article in Early childhood research quarterly. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common and Differing Elements Across Caregiver-Mediated Social Communication Programs Supporting Autistic Children: A Scoping Review With Content Analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- From early communication to bimodal vocabulary acquisition: A longitudinal study of hearing children with deaf mothers from infancy to school-age years.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Proportion and Profile of Autistic Children Not Acquiring Spoken Language Despite Receiving Evidence-Based Early Interventions.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53 · 2025Article
- Accuracy of 'Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile-Infant Toddler Checklist' for Screening Communication Delay in Children Aged 6-24 Months Referred to a Child Developmental Clinic.Indian pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first 2 years of life.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Social communication skills profile in infants with sex chromosome trisomy at 12 months of age.Infant behavior & development · 2025Article
- Links Between Early Prelinguistic Communication and Later Expressive Language in Toddlers With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Sensitivity to Semantic Relationships in U.S. Monolingual English-Speaking Typical Talkers and Late Talkers.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- What kind of information do early parental report instruments provide on language ability at 3;6 when used at 2;0? A longitudinal comparison study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Parent-Implemented Hanen Program It Takes Two to TalkInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Early Observation of Red Flags in 12-Month-Old Infant Siblings Later Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2021Observational
- Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Examining Early Vocabulary Growth Trajectories in Late Talkers in a Low-Income Longitudinal Sample.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLate talkers are a heterogeneous group of toddlers and reliable predictors of persistent language delay have been elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which early social communication and vocabulary production predicted variance in language outcomes at 2 and 3 years of age.
methodsParticipants were 408 typically developing and late-talking toddlers who completed the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Caregiver Questionnaire and Behavior Sample (CSBS CQ and CSBS BS) at a mean of 20 months, the Language Development Survey (LDS) at a mean of 24 months, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at a mean of 25 months. A subgroup of 198 children completed a second MSEL at 3 years of age. Associations among the LDS, CSBS CQ, CSBS BS, and MSEL were examined using correlational and hierarchical linear regression analyses. Logistic regression was used to examine each measure's contribution to predicting language delay at 2 and 3 years.
resultsModerate to large correlations were observed among all variables. The LDS, CSBS CQ, and CSBS BS added unique contributions to the prediction of 2- and 3-year expressive and receptive language outcomes. Measures of speech and vocabulary production were the strongest predictors of language outcomes at age 2. At age 3, social and symbolic communication played a more significant role in accounting for variance in expressive and receptive language outcome. A similar pattern emerged for the categorical prediction of language delay.
conclusionsMeasures of social communication between 18-21 months added important information to predicting language outcomes at 2 and 3 years, above and beyond parent-reported expressive vocabulary production measured at 24 months, with small effect sizes overall. Implications for identifying younger children who are at risk for continued language delay and recommendations for referral to early intervention programs are discussed.
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