ArticleJournal of criminal justice
Educational attainment and prescription drug misuse: The importance of push and pull factors for dropping out.
Article in Journal of criminal justice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trauma Profiles and Cocaine Use Among Formerly Incarcerated Black Men Who Co-Use Opioids and Stimulants.The Journal of black psychology · 2026Article
- Mental and Behavioral Health Disparities Among Pain-Reliever Misusers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis by Race and Ethnicity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Substance use patterns and negative urine opioid screen among patients on methadone treatment at a referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Knowledge and Use of Over-the-counter Drugs in Italy: An Exploratory Survey-based Study in the General Population.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Differences in Prescription Stimulant Misuse Motives Across Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2020Article
- Sources of prescription opioids and tranquilizers for misuse among U.S. young adults: differences between high school dropouts and graduates and associations with adverse outcomes.Journal of addictive diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeYoung adults who do not complete high school are at increased risk for substance use and offending behavior. A limitation of this research is that dropouts are often treated as a homogeneous group, which ignores the various push (e.g., academic failure or disciplinary problems) and pull (e.g., family responsibility or economic need) factors for leaving school.
methodsThe current study relies on multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2009-2014) and examines several dependent variables, including prevalence of prescription drug misuse, frequent prescription drug misuse, and prescription drug-related substance use disorder symptoms. We assess the importance of push and pull factors for dropping out, and compare dropouts to respondents who completed school.
resultsMultivariable logistic regression analyses produce two important findings. First, push factors increase the risk of various types of prescription drug misuse compared to pull factors. Additionally, respondents who attend college are at a decreased risk for various types of prescription opioid and sedative/tranquilizer misuse and disorder. DISCUSSION: The current research identifies important differences in prescription drug misuse and disorders among dropouts based on the reason they left school. Additionally, college attendance appears to be a strong protective factor.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.