Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32861826›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2020

Characterizing mothers and children at risk of being under-immunized in India: A latent class analysis approach.

Taylor A Holroyd, Brian Wahl, Madhu Gupta, Molly Sauer, Madeleine Blunt, Amelia K Gerste, Daniel J Erchick, Mathuram Santosham, Rupali J Limaye

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Taylor A HolroydDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: tholroyd@jhu.edu.
Brian WahlDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Madhu GuptaDepartment of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Molly SauerDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Madeleine BluntDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amelia K GersteDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Daniel J ErchickDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mathuram SantoshamDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Rupali J LimayeDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWhile India has made substantial progress in introducing new vaccines and scaling up immunization coverage, inequities persist sub-nationally. This study was performed to investigate the risk of under-immunization based on class membership and to identify heterogeneous classes based on sociodemographic characteristics in pediatric and maternal populations in India through latent class analysis.

methodsData from the most recent National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-2016 were used. Latent class analysis was used to model immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months and mothers, and to identify subgroups to characterize those at risk of not being immunized.

resultsPatterns of sociodemographic characteristics were found to contribute to non-immunization or under-immunization among pediatric and maternal populations in India. Individuals who fit into one of three categories were identified in both populations: those at high, medium, and lower risk of not being immunized. Lower socioeconomic status, lack of antenatal care, and lower maternal education put individuals at higher risk of not being immunized with routine childhood vaccines and maternal tetanus toxoid.

conclusionsPredisposing risk factors can persistently impact immunization status despite improvements in immunization access in India. Tailored programmatic interventions should be developed to improve immunization coverage among those children and mothers who are at highest risk of being under-immunized or not immunized.

Indexed as

MothersSocial ClassChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunization ProgramsIndiaInfantLatent Class AnalysisMalePregnancyRisk FactorsVaccination CoverageChild healthImmunizationIndiaInequalitiesLatent class analysis

Identifiers

PMID32861826
PMCPMC7670167
OpenAlexW3081605994

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.