ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2020
Withdrawal-associated injury site pain prevalence and correlates among opioid-using people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Dynorphin/-Opioid Receptor System at the Interface of Hyperalgesia/Hyperkatifeia and Addiction.Current addiction reports · 2025Review
- The effect of depressive symptoms on pain in a substance-using population with persistent pain: a cross-sectional cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain can return temporarily to old injury sites during opioid withdrawal. The prevalence and impact of opioid withdrawal-associated injury site pain (WISP) in various groups is unknown.
methodsUsing data from observational cohorts, we estimated the prevalence and correlates of WISP among opioid-using people who inject drugs (PWID). Between June and December 2015, data on WISP and opioid use behaviours were elicited from participants in three ongoing prospective cohort studies in Vancouver, Canada, who were aged 18 years and older and who self-reported at least daily injection of heroin or non-medical presciption opioids.
resultsAmong 631 individuals, 276 (43.7 %) had a healed injury (usually pain-free), among whom 112 (40.6 %) experienced WISP, representing 17.7 % of opioid-using PWID interviewed. In a multivariable logistic regression model, WISP was positively associated with having a high school diploma or above (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.23, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.31-3.84), any heroin use in the last six months (AOR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.14-3.57), feeling daily pain that required medication (AOR = 2.06, CI: 1.18-3.63), and negatively associated with older age at first drug use (AOR = 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.93-0.99). Among 112 individuals with WISP, 79 (70.5 %) said that having this pain affected their opioid use behaviour, of whom 57 (72.2 %) used more opioids, 19 (24.1 %) avoided opioid withdrawal, while 3 (3.8 %) no longer used opioids to avoid WISP.
conclusionsWISP is prevalent among PWID with a previous injury, and may alter opioid use patterns. Improved care strategies for WISP are warrented.
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