SynthesisArchives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery2021
Management of critical-sized bone defects in the treatment of fracture-related infection: a systematic review and pooled analysis.
Synthesis in Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ilizarov technique in the treatment of bone defects of the radius and ulna: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Bifocal versus trifocal bone transport for the management of tibial bone defects caused by fracture-related infection: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Combined Antibiotic Spacer with Ilizarov Methods in the Treatment of Infected Nonunion of Tibia.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Lyophilized apoptotic vesicles improve hemostasis and bone regeneration in traumatic patients with impacted third molar extraction.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Trial
- Cerclage Wire as an Affordable Alternative for Internal Fixation in Murine Critical Sized Defect Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A qualitative study to reveal devastating impacts of chronic fracture-related infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- [Zeta-focal bone lengthening for bone defects after fracture-related infection: a two-case based research].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Strategic considerations in the treatment of infected nonunion in the lower extremity: a narrative review.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Salvage articular reconstruction of the distal radius using a 3D simulation-guided distal clavicle osteochondral autograft after fracture-related infection: A case report.Trauma case reports · 2026Article
- Hydroxyapatite-Mediated Mechanical Modulation of GelMA Hydrogels Influences Osteogenic Differentiation of 3D Spheroids.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bone transport in the management of fracture-related infection: current concepts and innovations.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Review
- Effect of distraction length on the morphology of knee cartilage in a rat model of femoral distraction osteogenesis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Long-term follow-up of patients with large segmental bone defects treated with 3D-printed polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- [Recent advances regarding diagnosis and treatment of fracture-related infection].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2025Review
- Basic science and current management for fracture-related infections.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025Article
- Bone transport combined with internal fixation in post-traumatic distal humerus defects and nonunions: retrospective analysis of 16 patients.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel microspheres with multi-responsive properties for antibacterial therapy and bone regeneration inMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- How to predict structural allograft survival in tibial reconstructions.Cell and tissue banking · 2025Article
- Histological study of the effect of different hydration times of bone allograft and xenograft particles on the rate of bone formation in critical size defects in the rat calvarium.International journal of implant dentistry · 2025Article
- The Use of the Masquelet Technique in the Treatment of Pathological Distal Third Femoral Fracture Secondary to Chronic Osteomyelitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis systematic review determined the reported treatment strategies, their individual success rates, and other outcome parameters in the management of critical-sized bone defects in fracture-related infection (FRI) patients between 1990 and 2018.
methodsA systematic literature search on treatment and outcome of critical-sized bone defects in FRI was performed. Treatment strategies identified were, autologous cancellous grafts, autologous cancellous grafts combined with local antibiotics, the induced membrane technique, vascularized grafts, Ilizarov bone transport, and bone transport combined with local antibiotics. Outcomes were bone healing and infection eradication after primary surgical protocol and recurrence of FRI and amputations at the end of study period.
resultsFifty studies were included, describing 1530 patients, the tibia was affected in 82%. Mean age was 40 years (range 6-80), with predominantly male subjects (79%). Mean duration of infection was 17 months (range 1-624) and mean follow-up 51 months (range 6-126). After initial protocolized treatment, FRI was cured in 83% (95% CI 79-87) of all cases, increasing to 94% (95% CI 92-96) at the end of each individual study. Recurrence of infection was seen in 8% (95% CI 6-11) and amputation in 3% (95% CI 2-3). Final outcomes overlapped across treatment strategies.
conclusionResults should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective and observational design of most studies, the lack of clear classification systems, incomplete data reports, potential underreporting of adverse outcomes, and heterogeneity in patient series. A consensus on classification, treatment protocols, and outcome is needed to improve reliability of future studies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.