ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Curdlan, zymosan and a yeast-derived β-glucan reshape tumor-associated macrophages into producers of inflammatory chemo-attractants.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effect of Zymosan-A against radiation-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in a murine model.iScience · 2026Article
- Theragenerative Nanomaterials: Integrating Therapy, Regeneration, and Diagnosis-Navigating the Shared Pathways Between Tissue Repair and Malignancy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Inhalability and Bioactivity of Spray-Dried versus Pressurized Gas eXpanded Liquid Technology-Processed Yeast Beta-Glucan Microparticles for Anti-Fibrotic Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Fungal β-Glucans Shape Innate Immune Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): An In Vitro Study on PRR Regulation, Cytokine Expression, and Oxidative Balance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- β-1,3 Glucan Microparticles & Nanoparticles: Fabrication Methods & Applications in Immunomodulation & Targeted Drug Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Review
- Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Glucans from Fermentation-Produced Nutraceutical Bionutri-AR1Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Cell Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- M1 macrophages polarized by crude polysaccharides isolated from Auricularia polytricha exhibit anti-tumor effect on human breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recognition of yeast β-glucan particles triggers immunometabolic signaling required for trained immunity.iScience · 2024Article
- In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immunotherapeutic effects of intratumorally injected Zymosan-Adenovirus conjugates encoding constant active IRF3 in a melanoma mouse model.Immunologic research · 2023Article
- The fungal-derived compound AM3 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and skews the differentiation of human monocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- An important polysaccharide from fermentum.Food chemistry: X · 2022Review
- Zymosan-A promotes the regeneration of intestinal stem cells by upregulating ASCL2.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Manipulation of the tumor immuno-microenvironment via TAM-targeted expression of transcription factors.Immunologic research · 2022Review
- Adjuvant Curdlan Contributes to Immunization againstVaccines · 2022Article
- Colon Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors Depending on the Stage ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Hepatitis E virus infection activates NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome antagonizing interferon response but therapeutically targetable.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Article
- Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anti-cancer T-cell responses are often halted due to the immune-suppressive micro-environment, in part related to tumor-associated macrophages. In the current study, we assessed indigestible β-glucans (oatβG, curdlan, grifolan, schizophyllan, lentinan, yeast whole glucan particles (yWGP), zymosan and two additional yeast-derived β-glucans a and b) for their physicochemical properties as well as their effects on the plasticity of human monocyte-derived macrophages that were polarized with IL-4 to immune-suppressive macrophages. Beta-glucans were LPS/LTA free, and tested for solubility, molecular masses, protein and monosaccharide contents. Curdlan, yeast-b and zymosan re-polarized M(IL-4) macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype, in particular showing enhanced gene expression of CCR7, ICAM1 and CD80, and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Notably, differential gene expression, pathway analysis as well as protein expressions demonstrated that M(IL-4) macrophages treated with curdlan, yeast-b or zymosan demonstrated enhanced production of chemo-attractants, such as CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL8, which contribute to recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils. The secretion of chemo-attractants was confirmed when using patient-derived melanoma-infiltrating immune cells. Taken together, the bacterial-derived curdlan as well as the yeast-derived β-glucans yeast-b and zymosan have the unique ability to preferentially skew macrophages towards a chemo-attractant-producing phenotype that may aid in anti-cancer immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.