ArticleSleep2021
Dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation mimics non-rapid eye movement stage 3 sleep: large-scale validation using machine learning.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03143972 (Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine (PIRAD)
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of different administration routes of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Intranasal low-dose dexmedetomidine alleviates propofol-associated postoperative sleep disturbance in female hysteroscopy patients: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Dexmedetomidine-flurbiprofen axetil-based opioid-free analgesia attenuates postoperative melatonin suppression and improves sleep quality after thyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Esketamine Optimized the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in Treating Sleep Disorders with Comorbid Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Trial
- Effects of Dexmedetomidine Nasal Sprays on Postoperative Sleep Quality in Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic Gynaecological Surgery: A Single-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Subjective experiences during dexmedetomidine- or propofol-induced unresponsiveness and non-rapid eye movement sleep in healthy male subjects.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Trial
- A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study of dexmedetomidine on postoperative sleep quality in patients with endoscopic sinus surgery.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Bionic sleep therapy combined with multimodal management for chronic insomnia with alcohol withdrawal-related symptoms: A case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- The Central Medial Thalamus Serves as a Critical Hub for Preserved Arousability During Dexmedetomidine Sedation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Characteristics of electroencephalographic changes induced by different hypnotics in elderly patients: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Review
- Mechanism, Dose, and Administration of Dexmedetomidine in Managing Visceral Pain Associated With Surgery: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Dexmedetomidine produces more sleep-like brain activity compared with propofol in human participants.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Through Massage to the Brain-Neuronal and Neuroplastic Mechanisms of Massage Based on Various Neuroimaging Techniques (EEG, fMRI, and fNIRS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Perioperative sleep management in cardiac surgery: an evidence-oriented narrative review of pharmacological, behavioral, and respiratory support strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Intranasal Dexmedetomidine as a rescue strategy for established postoperative delirium following loss of intravenous access: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular and Clinical Considerations for Anesthesia in the Aging Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The locus coeruleus maintains core body temperature and protects against hypothermia during dexmedetomidine-induced sedation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Why does dexmedetomidine cause bradycardia?BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Delirium as a mediating factor in the survival benefits of dexmedetomidine in acute brain injury management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesDexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during deep sedation are comparable with natural sleep patterns. Using large-scale EEG recordings and machine learning techniques, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation indeed mimics natural sleep patterns.
methodsWe used EEG recordings from three sources in this study: 8,707 overnight sleep EEG and 30 dexmedetomidine clinical trial EEG. Dexmedetomidine-induced sedation levels were assessed using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score. We extracted 22 spectral features from each EEG recording using a multitaper spectral estimation method. Elastic-net regularization method was used for feature selection. We compared the performance of several machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest), trained on individual sleep stages, to predict different levels of the MOAA/S sedation state.
resultsThe random forest algorithm trained on non-rapid eye movement stage 3 (N3) predicted dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0) with area under the receiver operator characteristics curve >0.8 outperforming other machine learning models. Power in the delta band (0-4 Hz) was selected as an important feature for prediction in addition to power in theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (16-30 Hz) bands.
conclusionsUsing a large-scale EEG data-driven approach and machine learning framework, we show that dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation state mimics N3 sleep EEG patterns. CLINICAL TRIALS: Name-Pharmacodynamic Interaction of REMI and DMED (PIRAD), URL-https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143972, and registration-NCT03143972.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.