ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2020
U.S. National Profile of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Alone, Physical Frailty Alone, and Both.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adaptation Outcomes of a CAPABLE-Family Open-Label Pilot Study for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment/Early Dementia and Disability.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Cognitive trajectories and mortality risk in older adults: a 9-year follow-up study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Medicare costs and home time loss among fee-for-service beneficiaries by frailty and dementia status.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- Article
- Relationships between physical frailty and cognitive decline over 8 years: A longitudinal study among community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- Association of multimorbidity patterns and order of physical frailty and cognitive impairment occurrence: a prospective cohort study.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Impact of Modifiable Factors Associated with Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Trajectory of Older Adults: Using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2006-2018.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Frailty, but not cognitive impairment, improves mortality risk prediction among those with chronic kidney disease-a nationally representative study.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Association of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Function in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of American Older Adults.Gerontology · 2024Article
- Frailty, sex, and poverty are associated with DNA damage and repair in frail, middle-aged urban adults.DNA repair · 2023Article
- Hierarchical Development of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment and Their Association With Incident Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Predictors of incident reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty among Taiwanese older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Potential association between frailty and pTau in community-dwelling older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- The combined effects of physical frailty and cognitive impairment on emergency department- versus direct-admission hospitalizations.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Brain structural alterations and clinical features of cognitive frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: the Arao study (JPSC-AD).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Aging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function capture mortality risk: results from two prospective cohort studies.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Trajectories of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults in United States nursing homes.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Neurophysiological and Brain Structural Markers of Cognitive Frailty Differ from Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a New Simple Functional Score in the Older Chinese Population.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Frailty, With or Without Cognitive Impairment, Is a Strong Predictor of Recurrent Falls in a US Population-Representative Sample of Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesTo obtain national and regional estimates of prevalence of frailty with or without cognitive impairment, and cognitive impairment with or without frailty among older adults in the United States, and to identify profiles of characteristics that distinguish their joint versus separate occurrence.
designCross-sectional.
settingCommunity or non-nursing home residential care settings.
participantsA U.S. nationally representative sample of 7,497 older adults aged 65 and older from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was measured by the physical frailty phenotype. Cognitive impairment was assessed by cognitive performance testing of executive function and memory or by proxy reports. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify profiles of demographic, socioeconomic, health, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics that distinguish four subgroups: not-frail and cognitively intact ("neither"), not-frail and cognitively impaired ("Cog. only"), frail and cognitively intact ("frailty only"), and frail and cognitively impaired ("both").
resultsThe prevalence of "Cog. only," "frailty only," and "both" was 25.5%, 5.6%, and 8.7%, respectively. Individuals with"frailty only" had the highest prevalence of obesity, current smoking, comorbidity, lung disease, and history of surgery. The "both" group had the highest prevalence of dementia, depression, cardiovascular diseases, and disability. No significant differences were found between the "Cog. only" group and the "neither" group with respect to history of surgery and comorbidity burden. The prevalence of dementia in the "Cog. only" was less than half of that in the "both" group.
conclusionThe finding of sizable subgroups having physical frailty but not cognitive impairment, and vice versa, suggests that the two cannot be considered necessarily as antecedent or sequela of one another. The study provided empirical data supporting the prioritization of comorbidity, obesity, surgery history, and smoking status in clinical screening of frailty and cognitive impairment before formal diagnostic assessments.
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