SynthesisInfection2021
Risk factors for Covid-19 severity and fatality: a structured literature review.
Synthesis in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05181696 (Radiographic Severity Scoring System and Clinical and Laboratory Evolution of COVID-19 Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 275 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Radiographic Severity Scoring System and Clinical and Laboratory Evolution of COVID-19 Pneumonia
Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 526 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Presepsin levels and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prognostic factors for mortality, intensive care unit and hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in Europe.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 outcomes: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of the tetravalent protein COVID-19 vaccine, SCTV01E: a phase 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for active ankylosing spondylitis refractory to biological therapy: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Trial
- Classifying healthcare facilities as predictors of COVID-19 mortality rates in US counties (2020-2021).Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Children's Birthday Gatherings and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Grandparents.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on patellar tendon properties over the first year after infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predicting susceptibility to inflammaging using a genetic inflammatory index through Prakriti-based phenotypic stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genetic determinants of metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation and machine learning prediction of COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Excess mortality and healthcare costs during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with ten major chronic diseases in South korea: a nationwide analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Profiles of Unvaccinated Nonagenarian Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Research Progress in Pediatric Lung Transplantation: A Bibliometric Analysis.The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon · 2025Article
- Post-steroid rebound in COVID-19 pneumonitis: a case series and review of the literature.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Inadequate Indoor Air Quality and Household Overcrowding Predispose to Life-Threatening Pulmonary Infections: Call for Action.Community health equity research & policy · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 infection on social care use in people over 50 years of age: a matched cohort study in North-West London.BMJ open · 2025Article
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCovid-19 is a global threat that pushes health care to its limits. Since there is neither a vaccine nor a drug for Covid-19, people with an increased risk for severe and fatal courses of disease particularly need protection. Furthermore, factors increasing these risks are of interest in the search of potential treatments. A systematic literature review on the risk factors of severe and fatal Covid-19 courses is presented.
methodsThe review is carried out on PubMed and a publicly available preprint dataset. For analysis, risk factors are categorized and information regarding the study such as study size and location are extracted. The results are compared to risk factors listed by four public authorities from different countries.
resultsThe 28 records included, eleven of which are preprints, indicate that conditions and comorbidities connected to a poor state of health such as high age, obesity, diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for severe and fatal disease courses. Furthermore, severe and fatal courses are associated with organ damages mainly affecting the heart, liver and kidneys. Coagulation dysfunctions could play a critical role in the organ damaging. Time to hospital admission, tuberculosis, inflammation disorders and coagulation dysfunctions are identified as risk factors found in the review but not mentioned by the public authorities.
conclusionFactors associated with increased risk of severe or fatal disease courses were identified, which include conditions connected with a poor state of health as well as organ damages and coagulation dysfunctions. The results may facilitate upcoming Covid-19 research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.