Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32859955›Full record

ArticleNature chemistry2020

Atomic mechanism of metal crystal nucleus formation in a single-walled carbon nanotube.

Kecheng Cao, Johannes Biskupek, Craig T Stoppiello, Robert L McSweeney, Thomas W Chamberlain, Zheng Liu, Kazu Suenaga, Stephen T Skowron, Elena Besley, Andrei N Khlobystov and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemistry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Phase Transformation-Assisted Nucleation and Growth of a Single-Phase FeCoNiCuNb Alloy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Manipulating the Assembly and Architecture of Fibrillar Silk.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  8. Selective Sorting of Semiconducting CAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. How a Facet of a Nanocrystal Is Formed: The Concept of the Symmetry Based Kinematic Theory.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Atomic-number (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  19. Casting a bright light on Ostwald's rule of stages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kecheng CaoCentral Facility for Electron Microscopy, Group of Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Johannes BiskupekCentral Facility for Electron Microscopy, Group of Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3200
Craig T StoppielloSchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
Robert L McSweeneySchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
Thomas W ChamberlainInstitute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-6452
Zheng LiuNanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-7647
Kazu SuenagaNanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
Stephen T SkowronSchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-5508
Elena BesleySchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-7603
Andrei N KhlobystovSchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK. andrei.khlobystov@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-4098
Ute KaiserCentral Facility for Electron Microscopy, Group of Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. ute.kaiser@uni-ulm.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4044

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Knowing how crystals nucleate at the atomic scale is crucial for understanding, and in turn controlling, the structure and properties of a wide variety of materials. However, because of the scale and highly dynamic nature of nuclei, the formation and early growth of nuclei are very difficult to observe. Here, we have employed single-walled carbon nanotubes as test tubes, and an 'atomic injector' coupled with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, to enable in situ imaging of the initial steps of nucleation at the atomic scale. With three different metals we observed three main processes prior to heterogeneous nucleation: formation of crystal nuclei directly from an atomic seed (Fe), from a pre-existing amorphous nanocluster (Au) or by coalescence of two separate amorphous sub-nanometre clusters (Re). We demonstrate the roles of the amorphous precursors and the existence of an energy barrier before nuclei formation. In all three cases, crystal nucleus formation occurred through a two-step nucleation mechanism.

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.