ArticleCancers2020
TIM-3 Expression Is Downregulated on Human NK Cells in Response to Cancer Targets in Synergy with Activation.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3 in AML: a janus-faced orchestrator of immune exhaustion and leukemic self-renewal.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Expression of the inhibitory checkpoints LAG-3, TIM-3, and PD-1 in NK cells and T cells in acute myeloid leukemia: preserved expression of LAG-3 is associated with patient survival.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Connection Between Energy Metabolism and Immune Senescence/Exhaustion in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Involvement of Tim-3 in Maternal-fetal Tolerance: A Review of Current Understanding.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Single Cell Droplet-Based Efficacy and Transcriptomic Analysis of a Novel Anti-KLRG1 Antibody for Elimination of Autoreactive T Cells.Research square · 2024Article
- HLA-DR Expression in Natural Killer Cells Marks Distinct Functional States, Depending on Cell Differentiation Stage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- TIGIT contributes to the regulation of 4-1BB and does not define NK cell dysfunction in glioblastoma.iScience · 2023Article
- Investigating the susceptibility of treatment-resistant oesophageal tumours to natural killer cell-mediated responses.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoints and cancer immunotherapies: insights into newly potential receptors and ligands.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2023Review
- Normalization of the Immunological Microenvironment and Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity: Do We Need Both for Long-Term Control of Multiple Myeloma?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Strategy to Unleash the Potential of Natural Killer Cells in the Anti-Cancer Therapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- Natural killer cells in liver transplantation: Can we harness the power of the immune checkpoint to promote tolerance?Clinical and translational science · 2022Review
- The mechanism ofTranslational cancer research · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Culture Models to Study Innate Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Advantages and Disadvantages.Cancers · 2021Review
- Pediatric Tumors-Mediated Inhibitory Effect on NK Cells: The Case of Neuroblastoma and Wilms' Tumors.Cancers · 2021Review
- Wilms' Tumor Primary Cells Display Potent Immunoregulatory Properties on NK Cells and Macrophages.Cancers · 2021Article
- One Stone, Two Birds: The Roles of Tim-3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Natural Killer Cells in the Malignant Niche of Multiple Myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among natural killer (NK) cell receptors, the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing domain (TIM-3) has been associated with both inhibitory and activating functions, depending on context and activation pathway. Ex vivo and in vitro, expression of TIM-3 is inducible and depends on activation stimulus. Here, we report that TIM-3 expression can be downregulated on NK cells under specific conditions. When NK cells are exposed to cancer targets, they synergize with stimulation conditions to induce a substantial decrease in TIM-3 expression on their surface. We found that such downregulation occurs following prior NK activation. Downregulated TIM-3 expression correlated to lower cytotoxicity and lower interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression, fueling the notion that TIM-3 might function as a benchmark for human NK cell dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.