ArticleOphthalmology2021
Restoring Color Perception to the Blind: An Electrical Stimulation Strategy of Retina in Patients with End-stage Retinitis Pigmentosa.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Food Colors on Emotional Perception and Consumer Acceptance: A Sensory and Emotional Profiling Approach in Gastronomy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Techniques for Simulating Human Psychophysical Testing of Low-Resolution Phosphene Face Images in Artificial Vision.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Noninvasive imaging-guided ultrasonic neurostimulation with arbitrary 2D patterns and its application for high-quality vision restoration.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The mechanism of human color vision and potential implanted devices for artificial color vision.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Retinal Prostheses: Engineering and Clinical Perspectives for Vision Restoration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Electrophysiological properties of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the primary visual cortex of a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model (Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Clinical Progress and Optimization of Information Processing in Artificial Visual Prostheses.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Selective Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cell Subtypes Through Targeted Electrical Stimulation Parameters.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2022Article
- Mechanisms underlying activation of retinal bipolar cells through targeted electrical stimulation: a computational study.Journal of neural engineering · 2021Article
- Restoring Vision Naturally and Noninvasively.Neuroscience bulletin · 2021Article
- Electrical devices for visual restoration.Survey of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeBioelectronic retinal prostheses that stimulate the remaining inner retinal neurons, bypassing degenerated photoreceptors, have been demonstrated to restore some vision in patients blinded by retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These implants encode luminance of the visual scene into electrical stimulation, however, leaving out chromatic information. Yet color plays an important role in visual processing when it comes to recognizing objects and orienting to the environment, especially at low spatial resolution as generated by current retinal prostheses. In this study, we tested the feasibility of partially restoring color perception in blind RP patients, with the aim to provide chromatic information as an extra visual cue.
designCase series.
participantsSeven subjects blinded by advanced RP and monocularly fitted with an epiretinal prosthesis.
methodsFrequency-modulated electrical stimulation of retina was tested. Phosphene brightness was controlled by amplitude tuning, and color perception was acquired using the Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue (RYGB) hue and saturation scaling model.
main outcome measuresBrightness and color of the electrically elicited visual perception reported by the subjects.
resultsWithin the tested parameter space, 5 of 7 subjects perceived chromatic colors along or nearby the blue-yellow axis in color space. Aggregate data obtained from 20 electrodes of the 5 subjects show that an increase of the stimulation frequency from 6 to 120 Hz shifted color perception toward blue/purple despite a significant inter-subject variation in the transition frequency. The correlation between frequency and blue-yellow perception exhibited a good level of consistency over time and spatially matched multi-color perception was possible with simultaneous stimulation of paired electrodes. No obvious correlation was found between blue sensations and array placement or status of visual impairment.
conclusionsThese findings present a strategy for the generation and control of color perception along the blue-yellow axis in blind patients with RP by electrically stimulating the retina. It could transform the current prosthetic vision landscape by leading in a new direction beyond the efforts to improve the visual acuity. This study also offers new insights into the response of our visual system to electrical stimuli in the photoreceptor-less retina that warrant further mechanistic investigation.
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