Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32857771›Full record

Observational studyPloS one2020

Nicotine dependence as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers: A mediation analysis.

Sera Thomas, June C Carroll, M Catherine Brown, Zhou Chen, Maryam Mirshams, Devalben Patel, Kevin Boyd, Andrew Pierre, David P Goldstein, Meredith E Giuliani and 5 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Smoking, Lung Cancer Stage, and Prognostic Factors-Findings from the National Lung Screening Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sera ThomasLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
June C CarrollLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
M Catherine BrownOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Zhou ChenOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Maryam MirshamsOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Devalben PatelOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kevin BoydOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Andrew PierreOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
David P GoldsteinOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Meredith E GiulianiOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Wei XuOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lawson EngOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Elham Khodayari MoezLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Geoffrey LiuOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rayjean J HungLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study investigated nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers (HNC). The study aimed to isolate the direct effect of nicotine dependence, independent of tobacco smoking.

methodsA case-control study with a total of 4957 participants was conducted in Ontario, Canada, of which 2964 categorized as either current or former smokers were used in the analysis. Nicotine dependence of ever-smokers (2360 UADT cases and 604 controls) was measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Using mediation analyses and adjusted logistic regression models, we decomposed the direct effect of nicotine dependence and the mediated effect of smoking duration to quantify the risks of lung and HNC. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cancer subtypes were assessed.

resultsMost individual nicotine dependence behaviours showed positive associations with lung cancer with approximately 1.8 to 3.5-fold risk increase, and to lesser extent with 1.4 to 2.3-fold risk for HNC. Nicotine dependence is partially accountable for increased risks of lung cancer (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.13-1.28) and HNC (1.12, 95%CI = 1.04-1.19). Nicotine dependence had a greater effect on the risk of HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.65-5.66) in comparison to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.67-1.65). The direct effects of nicotine dependence remained significant after accounting for cumulative tobacco exposures.

conclusionNicotine dependence increases the risks of lung and HNC cancers after accounting for tobacco smoking, suggesting potential toxic effects of nicotine. These results are informative for the safety consideration of nicotine exposures.

Indexed as

AgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleHead and Neck NeoplasmsHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedNicotineOntarioRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTobacco Use DisorderNicotine

Identifiers

PMID32857771
PMCPMC7454981

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.