ReviewJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2020
Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression in lung cancer: a comprehensive review of literature.
Review in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 18F-FDG PET/CT for predicting major pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Controlling nutritional status score predicts clinical outcome in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Predictive value of [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Trial
- Preoperative CT Radiomics for Assessing Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Autofluorescence bronchoscopy findings of pseudoprogression after neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in squamous cell lung cancer: A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- Dynamic Alteration of HALP Score as a Predictor in Patients with Receiving Immunotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Delta-He as a Novel Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Patients With NSCLC Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Multiple pseudoprogressions during ongoing immunotherapy-based treatment of advanced gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Pseudoprogression following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for lung squamous cell carcinoma mimicking pulmonary metastatic disease on computed tomography: A case report and review of the literature.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Isorhamnetin: what is theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- The radiological appearances of lung cancer treated with immunotherapy.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Biomarkers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pseudoprogression Involving the Main Portal Vein, Right Ventricular Invasion, and Exacerbation of Lung Metastases in a Patient on Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Case Report: ALK rearranged locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma showing inconsistent radiographic findings and pathological responses during neoadjuvant alectinib therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Potential biomarkers for predicting immune response and outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing thermal ablation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Soluble biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer treated by immune checkpoints inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Hyperprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy: underlying killer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with clinical benefit in lung cancer. However, response patterns to immunotherapy, including pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, are difficult to diagnose, and their mechanisms remain unclear. This review aimed to describe two response patterns observed in lung cancer, namely pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, including their epidemiology, diagnostic characteristics, and plausible mechanisms.
methodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database, using keywords "pseudoprogression", "hyperprogression", and "lung cancer", among others. The literature was examined for pseudoprogression and hyperprogression characteristics and plausible mechanisms.
resultsPseudoprogression manifests in multiple forms; however, the immune system-related response criteria and biopsy data are helpful to make accurate diagnosis. Serological biomarkers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), might help distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression. The incidence of hyperprogression ranges within 5-19.2%, depending on definition. The unique response pattern of rapid progression is observed not only with immunotherapy, but also with other treatment regimens. Molecular mutations and amplifications may result in hyperprogression; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear.
conclusionAtypical response patterns, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, are increasingly common in clinical practice. Immune-related response criteria can help diagnose pseudoprogression. Molecular mechanisms of hyperprogression remain unclear. Biomarkers for pseudoprogression and hyperprogression are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.