Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32857118›Full record

ArticleJAMA psychiatry2021

Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders.

Writing Committee for the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Schizophrenia ENIGMA Working Groups, Yash Patel, Nadine Parker, Jean Shin, Derek Howard and 295 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 142 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
142citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
32.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

142 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 252 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Brainwide Structural Markers of Familial and Clinical Risk for Bipolar Disorder in Youth.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

305 authors at 20 institutions in 24 countries.

Writing Committee for the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
and Schizophrenia ENIGMA Working Groups
Yash PatelInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nadine ParkerInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jean ShinThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Derek HowardKrembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Leon FrenchKrembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Elena PozziOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.
Yoshinari AbeDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Christoph AbéDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alan AnticevicDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Martin AldaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Andre AlemanUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Clara AllozaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain.
Silvia Alonso-LanaFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Stephanie H AmeisThe Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Evdokia AnagnostouDepartment of Pediatrics University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Andrew A McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Celso ArangoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM.
Paul D ArnoldThe Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Philip AshersonSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England.
Francesca AssognaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Guillaume AuziasINT UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Rosa Ayesa-ArriolaDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Geor BakkerDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Nerisa BanajLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Tobias BanaschewskiDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Cibele E BandeiraDepartment of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Alexandr BaranovThe Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Núria BargallóMagnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Claiton H D BauDepartment of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Sarah BaumeisterDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Bernhard T BauneUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Mark A BellgroveTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Francesco BenedettiPsychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Alessandro BertolinoDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
Premika S W BoedhoeAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marco BoksRudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Irene BollettiniPsychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Caterina Del Mar BonninInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Tiana BorgersUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Stefan BorgwardtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Daniel BrandeisDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Brian P BrennanMcLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
Jason M BruggemannSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Robin BülowInstitute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Geraldo F BusattoLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Sara CalderoniDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
Vince D CalhounTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Rosa CalvoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Erick J Canales-RodríguezFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Dara M CannonCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Vaughan J CarrSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Nicola CascellaDepartment of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Mara CercignaniDepartment of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England.
Tiffany M Chaim-AvanciniLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Anastasia ChristakouCentre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England.
David CoghillDepartments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Annette ConzelmannDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Benedicto Crespo-FacorroDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain.
Ana I CubilloDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London UK; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Kathryn R CullenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Renata B CupertinoDepartment of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Eileen DalyDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, London, London, England.
Udo DannlowskiUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Christopher G DaveyOrygen, Melbourne, Australia.
Damiaan DenysDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Christine DeruelleINT UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Annabella Di GiorgioIRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
Erin W DickieCampbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Danai DimaDepartment of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London, England.
Katharina DohmUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Stefan EhrlichDivision of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Benjamin A ElyDepartment of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York.
Tracy Erwin-GrabnerUniversity Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany.
Thomas EthoferDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Damien A FairBehavioral Neuroscience Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
Andreas J FallgatterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Stephen V FaraoneDepartments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
Mar Fatjó-VilasFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Jennifer M FedorDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Kate D FitzgeraldChild OCD and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
Judith M FordSan Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
Thomas FrodlDepartment of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Cynthia H Y FuUniversity of East London, School of Psychology, London, England.
Janice M FullertonNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Matt C GabelDepartment of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England.
David C GlahnTommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Gloria RobertsSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Tinatin GogberashviliCentral Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Jose M GoikoleaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Ian H GotlibDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Roberto Goya-MaldonadoUniversity Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Melissa J GreenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Eugenio H GrevetDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Nynke A GroenewoldDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Dominik GrotegerdUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Oliver GruberSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Patricia GrunerDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Amalia Guerrero-PedrazaFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Ruben C GurDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Shlomi HaarDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, England.
Bartholomeus C M HaarmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jan HaavikDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Tim HahnUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Tomas HajekDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Benjamin J HarrisonMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Neil A HarrisonDepartment of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England.
Catharina A HartmanUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands.
Heather C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Dirk J HeslenfeldDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Derrek P HibarGenentech Inc, South San Francisco, California.
Eva HillandDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Yoshiyuki HiranoResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Tiffany C HoDepartment of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco.
Pieter J HoekstraUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Liesbeth HoekstraRadboud University Medical Center, Karakter University Center of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Sarah HohmannDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
L E HongDepartment of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Cyril HöschlNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Marie F HøvikDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Fleur M HowellsNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Igor NenadicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Maria JalbrzikowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Anthony C JamesUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, England.
Joost JanssenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain.
Fern Jaspers-FayerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Jian XuDepartment of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming. China.
Rune JonassenDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Georgii KarkashadzeResearch Institute of Pediatrics and child health of the Central clinical hospital of the Ministry of Science and Education, Moscow, Russia.
Joseph A KingDivision of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Matthias KirschnerMontreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Kathrin KochDepartment of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Peter KochunovDepartment of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Gregor KohlsChild Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Kerstin KonradChild Neuropsychology Section, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, German; JARA-Brain Institute II Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
Bernd KrämerSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Axel KrugDepartment of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Jonna KuntsiSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England.
Jun Soo KwonDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Mikael LandénDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nils I LandrøDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Luisa LazaroDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Irina S LebedevaMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Elisabeth J LeehrUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Sara Lera-MiguelDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Klaus-Peter LeschDivision of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Christine LochnerSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Mario R LouzaInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Beatriz LunaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Astri J LundervoldDepartment of Biological and Medical psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Frank P MacMasterDepartments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Luigi A MaglanocUniversity Centre for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Charles B MalpasDevelopmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Maria J PortellaGroup of Research in Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, IIBSant Pau; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Rachel MarshDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Fiona M MartynCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
David Mataix-ColsCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco.
Hazel McCarthyDepartment of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Colm McDonaldCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Genevieve McPhilemyCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Susanne MeinertUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
José M MenchónDepartment of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Luciano MinuzziMcMaster University, Mood Disorders Program, SJH Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Philip B MitchellSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Carmen MorenoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM.
Pedro MorgadoLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Filippo MuratoriDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
Clodagh M MurphyDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London, London, England.
Declan MurphyDepartment of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England.
Benson MwangiLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Leila NabulsiCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Akiko NakagawaResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Takashi NakamaeDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Leyla NamazovaThe Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Janardhanan NarayanaswamyOCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Danai D NguyenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine.
Rosa NicolauDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Ruth L O'Gorman TuuraCenter for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Kirsten O'HearnDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Jaap OosterlaanEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Nils OpelUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Roel A OphoffCenter for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles.
Bob OranjeDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Victor Ortiz García de la FozNeuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain.
Bronwyn J OversNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Yannis PaloyelisDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, England.
Christos PantelisMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Mara ParelladaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM.
Paul PauliDepartment of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Maria Picó-PérezLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Felipe A PiconDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Fabrizio PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Federica PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Kerstin J PlessenDivision of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
Edith Pomarol-ClotetFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Adrian PredaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine.
Olga PuigDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Joaquim RaduaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Antoni Ramos-QuirogaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Paul E RasserPriority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Lisa RauerSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Janardhan ReddyOCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Ronny RedlichUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany.
Liesbeth RenemanDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jonathan ReppleUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Alessandra ReticoNational Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy.
Vanesa RicharteDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Anja RichterSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Pedro G P RosaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Katya K RubiaDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England.
Ryota HashimotoDepartment of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
Matthew D SacchetCenter for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
Raymond SalvadorFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Javier SantonjaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Kelvin SarinkUniversity of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany.
Salvador SarróFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Theodore D SatterthwaiteDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Akira SawaDepartment of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Ulrich SchallPriority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Peter R SchofieldNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Anouk SchranteeDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jochen SeitzDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Mauricio H SerpaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Esther Setién-SueroDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Philip ShawNational Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Devon ShookDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Tim J SilkSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia.
Kang SimWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
Schmitt SimonDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Helen Blair SimpsonColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
Aditya SinghUniversity Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany.
Antonin SkochNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Norbert SkokauskasCenter for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Jair C SoaresLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Noam SoreniPediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, SJH Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Carles Soriano-MasDepartment of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Gianfranco SpallettaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Filip SpanielNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Stephen M LawrieDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Emily R SternDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Nathan Kline Institute, New York.
S Evelyn StewartDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Yoichiro TakayanagiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
Henk S TemminghDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
David F TolinAnxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.
David TomecekNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Diana Tordesillas-GutiérrezNeuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain.
Michela TosettiLaboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
Anne UhlmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Therese van AmelsvoortDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Steven J A van der WerffDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Neeltje E M van HarenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Guido A van WingenAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Alasdair VanceAcademic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Javier Vázquez-BourgonDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Daniela VecchioLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Ganesan VenkatasubramanianOCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Eduard VietaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Oscar VilarroyaDepartment of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Yolanda Vives-GilabertInstituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Aristotle N VoineskosCampbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Georg G von PolierDepartment for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Esther WaltonDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England.
Thomas W WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Cynthia Shannon WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Andrea S WeidemanClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine.
Katharina WittfeldGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany.
Daniel H WolfDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Mon-Ju WuLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
T T YangUniversity of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences.
Kun YangDepartment of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Yuliya YonchevaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York.
Je-Yeon YunSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yuqi ChengDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Marcus V ZanettiLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Georg C ZieglerDivision of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Barbara FrankeDepartments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Martine HoogmanDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jan K BuitelaarDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Daan van RooijDonders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Ole A AndreassenNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Christopher R K ChingImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lianne SchmaalOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.
Dan J SteinSAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Odile A van den HeuvelAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jessica A TurnerPsychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Theo G M van ErpClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine.
Zdenka PausovaThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Tomáš PausInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
King's College London · GBUniversity of Münster · DECentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESCentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAHeidelberg University · DEHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón · ESRadboud University Nijmegen · NLUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BROllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEUniversidad de Cantabria · ESUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of Oslo · NOUniversity of Southern California · USUNSW Sydney · AUBrighton and Sussex Medical School · GBUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Toronto · CAJohns Hopkins University · USThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
ABCD-USA Consortium: Research ProjectU01DA041148 · NIDA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Damien A Fair, Rebekah S Huber · 2015 to 2026
$22.3M
Project 3P50MH094268 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SAWA, AKIRA · 2011 to 2020
$19.9M
SOLAR-Eclipse Computational Tools for Imaging GeneticsR01EB015611 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2012 to 2024
$5.0M
Brain trajectories in ADHDR01MH115357 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI FAIR, DAMIEN A, NIGG, JOEL T · 2017 to 2021
$3.8M
Evolution of Psychosis in Youth: Multimodal Risk and Resilience MarkersR01MH119219 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E, GUR, RUBEN C. · 2019 to 2023
$3.8M
Training in the Multiscale and Multimodal Analysis of Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s DiseaseT32AG058507 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARTHUR W TOGA · 2018 to 2026
$2.1M
Neurodevelopmental variation of intrinsic functional connectivity and its relationship to psychosis risk and gene expression - SupplementK01MH112774 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI JALBRZIKOWSKI, MARIA · 2017 to 2022
$884k
Dissecting Causal Reasoning Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)K23MH115206 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GRUNER, PATRICIA A. · 2018 to 2021
$788k
Hybrid GPU/CPU Computing Resource to Support Connectomic and GenomicsS10OD023696 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2018 to 2018
$593k
CSRD VA IK6 CX002519Medical Research Council G0802594Medical Research Council MC_PC_17209NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIA NIH HHS T32 AG058507NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA041148NIH HHS S10 OD023696NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH112774NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH115206NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH094268NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115357NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

importanceLarge-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood.

objectiveTo determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsProfiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls.

resultsA total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderBipolar DisorderCase-Control StudiesCerebral CortexChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesComputational BiologyFemaleFetal DevelopmentGene Expression

Identifiers

PMID32857118
PMCPMC7450410
OpenAlexW3080158422

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