ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2020
Current Management of Tics and Tourette Syndrome: Behavioral, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Treatments.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04794413 (An Open Label, Proof-of-Principle, Pilot Study to Evaluate Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Motor and Behavioral Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label, Proof-of-Principle, Pilot Study to Evaluate Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Motor and Behavioral Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of acupuncture and moxibustion for tic disorders: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Ecopipam in Patients with Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.CNS drugs · 2025Pooled it
- Tourette syndrome and brain stimulation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Ecopipam for Tourette Syndrome: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2026Trial
- Safety and Effect of 12-Month Ecopipam Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Tourette Syndrome.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Clinical efficacy of Shaomazhijing granules in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Hereditas · 2025Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of Flexible-Dose Deutetrabenazine in Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Deutetrabenazine in Children and Adolescents for Tics Associated With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Adverse outcomes between VMAT2 and anticholinergics in tardive dyskinesia: A target trial emulation.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Xifeng Zhichou decoction mitigates tic disorder on juvenile rats by regulating neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter homeostasis: dual modulation of Nr4a2 and gut microbiota.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Motor Tics in Children: A Case Series.Journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- Jingxin Zhidong Formula Alleviates Tic Disorder via Modulation of Microglial IKK/NF-κB Signaling and Striatal Neurotransmitter Homeostasis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Optimal Deep Brain Stimulation Locations for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Experiences of self-identification, diagnosis and support for adults seeking a recognition of tic disorders in the United Kingdom.Primary health care research & development · 2026Article
- Treatment non-persistence in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome newly treated with dopamine D2 receptor modulators.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Changma Xifeng tablet in alleviating Tourette syndrome via modulation of neurotransmitters, inflammatory responses, and metabolic pathways.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Tic Alleviation in Tourette Syndrome: The Role of Micronutrients.Neurology international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder manifested by childhood-onset motor and phonic tics, often accompanied by a variety of behavioral comorbidities, including attention deficit and obsessive compulsive disorder. Treatment must be tailored to the needs and goals of the individual patients and their families. All patients should receive education on the condition and, if possible, engage behavioral therapy targeted towards tics and/or comorbidities. Pharmacological therapies, such as alpha agonists, topiramate, and vesicular monoamine transport type 2 inhibitors, are generally used as first-line therapies in patients with troublesome tics that are not controlled by behavioral therapy or when the latter is not available or accessible. Botulinum toxin injections can be used in patients with bothersome focal tics. Second-line therapy includes antipsychotics, such as fluphenazine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and ziprasidone. These medications are generally efficacious but carry the risk of metabolic syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and other side effects. Much more research is needed before novel therapies such as cannabis-derived products or transcranial magnetic stimulation can be recommended. There is promise in ongoing clinical trials with D1 receptor antagonist ecopipam and other experimental therapeutics. Patients with tics that are refractory to conventional treatments may be candidates for deep brain stimulation, but further studies are needed to determine the optimal target selection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.