ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2020
Ranibizumab Population Pharmacokinetics and Free VEGF Pharmacodynamics in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity in the RAINBOW Trial.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systemic exposure to aflibercept after intravitreal injection in premature neonates with retinopathy of prematurity: results from the FIREFLEYE randomized phase 3 study.Eye (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Review
- Evaluation of regression, reactivation, retreatment and retinal detachment after injections of three different anti-VEGF drugs for retinopathy of prematurity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anti-VEGF versus laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on recurrence patterns and retreatment needs.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Changes of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion after intravitreal ranibizumab.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Comparing safety and efficacy of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab and Ranibizumab biosimilar in Retinopathy of prematurity.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Mathematical Models of Ocular Drug Delivery.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
- Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): five-year outcomes of a randomised trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Ranibizumab Biosimilars in Treating Retinal Disorders: A Cost-Effective Revolution?Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Laser versus Anti-VEGF: A Paradigm Shift for Treatment-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
- Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity.Annual review of vision science · 2023Review
- Retinopathy of prematurity: from oxygen management to molecular manipulation.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2023Review
- [Anti-VEGF (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) treatment for central vein occlusion during breastfeeding].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Ranibizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Primary and additional treatment preference in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity and type 1 retinopathy of prematurity.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Role of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Narrative Review in the Context of Middle-Income Countries.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2023Review
- Clinical outcome following reinjection of Ranibizumab for reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants Treated With Laser vs Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity.JAMA ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Low-dose ranibizumab administration in retinopathy of prematurity.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for intravitreal ranibizumab in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and assess plasma free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pharmacodynamics (PD). Methods: The RAnibizumab compared with laser therapy for the treatment of INfants BOrn prematurely With retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW) trial enrolled 225 infants to receive a bilateral intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 0.1 mg, ranibizumab 0.2 mg, or laser in a 1:1:1 ratio and included sparse sampling of blood for population PK and PD analysis. An adult PK model using infant body weight as a fixed allometric covariate was re-estimated using the ranibizumab concentrations in the preterm population. Different variability, assumptions, and covariate relationships were explored. Model-based individual predicted concentrations of ranibizumab were plotted against observed free VEGF concentrations. Results: Elimination of ranibizumab had a median half-life of 5.6 days from the eye and 0.3 days from serum, resulting in an apparent serum half-life of 5.6 days. Time to reach maximum concentration was rapid (median: 1.3 days). Maximum concentration (median 24.3 ng/mL with ranibizumab 0.2 mg) was higher than that reported in adults. No differences in plasma free VEGF concentrations were apparent between the groups or over time. Plotted individual predicted concentrations of ranibizumab against observed free VEGF concentrations showed no relationship. Conclusions: In preterm infants with ROP, elimination of ranibizumab from the eye was the rate-limiting step and was faster compared with adults. No reduction in plasma free VEGF was observed. The five-year clinical safety follow-up from RAINBOW is ongoing. Translational Relevance: Our population PK and VEGF PD findings suggest a favorable ocular efficacy: systemic safety profile for ranibizumab in preterm infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.