ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2020
Using the Lens Paradox to Optimize an In Vivo MRI-Based Optical Model of the Aging Human Crystalline Lens.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crystalline lens geometry from a clinical OCT-based biometer in pre-cataract surgery patients.Research square · 2026Article
- Development of a multi-parametric MRI platform to evaluate steady-state water content and optical properties in multiple ex vivo bovine lens.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Lens aging and disease: Molecular mechanisms, functional consequences, and pharmacological implications.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- In vivo changes in the gradient of refractive index distribution in the accommodating human lens.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Refractive index gradient in the lens: reflections on form and function and on the lens paradox.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Modulation of the lens water content changes the stiffness of theFrontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- 3D visualization of cellular and molecular distributions in human crystalline lenses at different ages.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Age-Dependent Changes in the Water Content and Optical Power of the In Vivo Mouse Lens Revealed by Multi-Parametric MRI and Optical Modeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Age-Dependent Changes in Total and Free Water Content of In Vivo Human Lenses Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Alterations in Lens Free Water Distribution Are Associated with Shape Deformation in Accommodation.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To optimize our in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based optical model of the human crystalline lens, developed with a small group of young adults, for a larger cohort spanning a wider age range. Methods: Subjective refraction and ocular biometry were measured in 57 healthy adults ages 18 to 86 years who were then scanned using 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain lens gradient of refractive index (GRIN) and geometry measurements. These parameters were combined with ocular biometric measurements to construct individualized Zemax eye models from which ocular refractive errors and lens powers were determined. Models were optimized by adding an age-dependent factor to the transverse relaxation time ( Results: In our subject cohort, subjective refraction shifted toward hyperopia by 0.029 diopter/year as the lens grew larger and developed flatter GRINs with advancing age. Without model optimization, lens powers did not reproduce this clinically observed decrease, the so-called lens paradox, instead increasing by 0.055 diopter/year. However, modifying the Conclusions: After accounting for age-related changes in lens physiology in the Translational Relevance: MRI is applied clinically to calculate the effect of age-related refractive index changes in the lens paradox.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.