Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32854584›Full record

Observational studyJournal of neurotrauma2020

Point-of-Care Platform Blood Biomarker Testing of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein versus S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B for Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study.

David O Okonkwo, Ross C Puffer, Ava M Puccio, Esther L Yuh, John K Yue, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Frederick K Korley, Kevin K W Wang, Xiaoying Sun, Sabrina R Taylor and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of neurotrauma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Accuracy of GFAP and UCH-L1 in predicting brain abnormalities on CT scans after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Impact of routine use of the GFAP and UCH-L1 TBI blood test for management of mild TBI on patient care in a European emergency department.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Blood-based biomarkers GFAP/UCH-L1 for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a single-center implementation experience.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
  12. Observational
  13. Research progress on biomarkers of traumatic brain injury.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

David O OkonkwoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ross C PufferDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ava M PuccioDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Esther L YuhDepartments of Radiology and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
John K YueBrain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Ramon Diaz-ArrastiaDepartment of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Frederick K KorleyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Kevin K W WangDepartments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Xiaoying SunDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Sabrina R TaylorBrain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Pratik MukherjeeDepartments of Radiology and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Amy J MarkowitzBrain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sonia JainDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Geoffrey T ManleyBrain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Investigators
San Francisco General Hospital · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center · USMayo Clinic · USUniversity of Florida · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to determine need for head computed tomography (CT) within 12 h after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] 13-15); S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) serves this function in Europe. This phase 1 biomarker cohort analysis of the multi-center, observational Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study compares GFAP's diagnostic performance, measured on a rapid point-of-care platform, against protein S100B to predict intracranial abnormalities on CT within 24 h post-injury across the spectrum of TBI (GCS 3-15). Head CT scan performed in TBI subjects and blood was collected for all consenting subjects presenting to 18 United States level 1 trauma centers. Plasma was analyzed on a point-of-care device prototype assay for GFAP and serum was analyzed for S100B. In 1359 patients with TBI (GCS 3-15), mean (standard deviation [SD]) age = 40.1 (17.0) years; 68% were male. Plasma GFAP levels were significantly higher in CT+ TBI subjects (median = 1358 pg/mL, interquartile range [IQR]: 472-3803) than in CT- TBI subjects (median = 116 pg/mL, IQR: 26-397) or orthopedic trauma controls (

Indexed as

Point-of-Care SystemsAdultAgedBiomarkersBrain Injuries, TraumaticCohort StudiesFemaleGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansMaleMiddle AgedS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitSensitivity and SpecificityBiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinS100B protein, humanS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunitbiomarkersglial fibrillary acidic proteinS100 calcium-binding protein Btraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID32854584
PMCPMC7698990
OpenAlexW3082522206

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.