ArticleNutrients2020
Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Breast Milk (BM-MDSC) Correlate with Gestational Age and Postnatal Age and Are Influenced by Infant's Sex.
Article in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the Complexities of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Human milk feeding practices and serum immune profiles of one-year-old infants in the CHILD birth cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- MDSC expansion during HIV infection: regulators, ART and immune reconstitution.Genes and immunity · 2024Review
- The Enigma of Low-Density Granulocytes in Humans: Complexities in the Characterization and Function of LDGs during Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Maternal Microbiota, Early Life Colonization and Breast Milk Drive Immune Development in the Newborn.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfections are the main cause of death in preterm infants. Causative agents often descend from the intestinal flora of the infected neonate, indicating insufficient protection by the mucosal barrier. Breast milk (BM) contains different subsets of immune cells. We recently showed that BM contains significant numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)-immune cells that actively suppress pro-inflammatory immune responses-and hypothesized that the transfer of BM-MDSC may modulate the mucosal immunity of the newborn.
methodsPercentages of MDSC in the BM from mothers of 86 preterm infants between 23 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation during their first five postnatal weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry and correlated with maternal and infant characteristics.
resultsPercentages of BM-MDSC positively correlated with gestational age and postnatal age. The expression of activation markers on BM-MDSC did not change with gestational age, but it decreased with postnatal age. Mothers who received antepartum tocolytics had lower percentages of BM-MDSC, and infant's sex strongly influenced percentages of BM-MDSC.
conclusionOur results point toward a role of BM-MDSC for immune regulation in the neonatal gut, making them a potential target of immune-based therapies shortly after birth.
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Registered trials
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