ArticleNeuroImage2020
Automated segmentation of the hypothalamus and associated subunits in brain MRI.
Article in NeuroImage, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- The oxytocin system in patients with craniopharyngioma: A systematic review.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Nutritional state-dependent changes in subcortical limbic structures in anorexia nervosa are linked to leptin, ghrelin, and neurofilament light.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Structural morphometry distinguishes vagus nerve stimulation outcomes in individuals with epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Different hypothalamic regions in late-onset Alzheimer's disease and aging: involvement and links with cognitive and non-cognitive features.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Sex-stratified insights into the genetics of brain volumes in late adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Changes in body composition in genetic C9orf72 carriers: The role of the hypothalamus and thalamus.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Genetic pathways linking oxytocin-vasotocin hypothalamic subunit architecture with psychiatric and metabolic traits.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between anterior hypothalamic subunits and ADHD and autistic traits revealed by deep learning MRI segmentation.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Intensity-dependent topographical expansion of sensory representations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diencephalic integrity explains aspects of hippocampal amnesia.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- A Case Series on Longitudinal Hypothalamic Morphology in Mild Cognitive Impairment.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- MRI-based structural development of the human newborn hypothalamus.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A hypothalamic-brainstem activity sequence underlies arousal fluctuations during daytime drowsiness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Subregional hypothalamic volumes associate with childhood conduct problems in healthy adults.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Brain atrophy patterns in anti-IgLON5 disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Structural MRI assessment of hypothalamic alterations and cognitive implications in adolescents with rapid pubertal progression.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Ultra-high resolution multimodal MRI densely labelled holistic structural brain atlas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of the human body, neuroimaging studies of this structure and its nuclei are scarce. Such scarcity partially stems from the lack of automated segmentation tools, since manual delineation suffers from scalability and reproducibility issues. Due to the small size of the hypothalamus and the lack of image contrast in its vicinity, automated segmentation is difficult and has been long neglected by widespread neuroimaging packages like FreeSurfer or FSL. Nonetheless, recent advances in deep machine learning are enabling us to tackle difficult segmentation problems with high accuracy. In this paper we present a fully automated tool based on a deep convolutional neural network, for the segmentation of the whole hypothalamus and its subregions from T1-weighted MRI scans. We use aggressive data augmentation in order to make the model robust to T1-weighted MR scans from a wide array of different sources, without any need for preprocessing. We rigorously assess the performance of the presented tool through extensive analyses, including: inter- and intra-rater variability experiments between human observers; comparison of our tool with manual segmentation; comparison with an automated method based on multi-atlas segmentation; assessment of robustness by quality control analysis of a larger, heterogeneous dataset (ADNI); and indirect evaluation with a volumetric study performed on ADNI. The presented model outperforms multi-atlas segmentation scores as well as inter-rater accuracy level, and approaches intra-rater precision. Our method does not require any preprocessing and runs in less than a second on a GPU, and approximately 10 seconds on a CPU. The source code as well as the trained model are publicly available at https://github.com/BBillot/hypothalamus_seg, and will also be distributed with FreeSurfer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.