Trial reportJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2021
A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Intervention Intensity and Intervention Style on Outcomes for Young Children With Autism.
Trial report in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02272192 (Intervention Effects of Intensity and Delivery Style for Toddlers With Autism), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intervention Effects of Intensity and Delivery Style for Toddlers With Autism
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitivity and Expected Change of Commonly Used Social Communication Measures in Longitudinal Research of Young Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Predicting early intervention outcomes in autism via individual participant data mega-analysis.Molecular autism · 2026Pooled it
- The Influence of Language and Cognition on Intervention Effects in Young Autistic Children: A Meta-Regression Analysis.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the efficacy of parent-mediated NDBIs on developmental skills in children with ASD and fidelity in parents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Early developmental trajectories associated with different styles and intensities of ESDM-based community intervention.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Trial
- Outcomes from the ASPEN intervention program: a randomized clinical trial of a culturally adapted parent-mediated intervention program in low-resource settings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Adaptive Intervention for School-Age, Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Community: Primary Aim Results.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and moderating factors of the Early Start Denver Model in Chinese toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Trial
- Characteristics of children on the autism spectrum who benefit the most from receiving intervention in inclusive versus specialised early childhood education settings.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Trial
- The effect of early autism intervention on parental sense of efficacy in a randomized trial depends on the initial level of parent stress.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Trial
- Heterogeneity of Response to Early Start Denver Model: Identifying Developmental Trajectories and Predictors of Cognitive Outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Multimodal predictors of spoken vocabulary development in autism: the role of early childhood brain and behavior.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- From policy to practice: strategies to overcome barriers in early autism care pathways.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Variation in Behavior Analysts' Treatment Intensity Recommendations for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Behavior analysis in practice · 2025Article
- Proportion and Profile of Autistic Children Not Acquiring Spoken Language Despite Receiving Evidence-Based Early Interventions.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53 · 2025Article
- Predictive modeling of adaptive behavior trajectories in autism: insights from a clinical cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Probability of Intervention Benefit in the Early Start Denver Model.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- A Critical Appraisal of the Measurement of Adaptive Social Communication Behaviors in the Behavioral Intervention Context.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Predictors of Outcome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Perspective for Clinicians and Therapists.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis randomized, multisite, intent-to-treat study tested the effects of 2 levels of treatment intensity (number of hours) and 2 treatment styles on the progress of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We predicted that initial severity of developmental delay or autism symptoms would moderate the effects of intensity and style on progress in 4 domains: autism symptom severity, expressive communication, receptive language, and nonverbal ability.
methodA total of 87 children with ASD, mean age 23.4 months, were assigned to 1 of 2 intervention styles (naturalistic developmental/behavioral or discrete trial teaching), each delivered for either 15 or 25 hours per week of 1:1 intervention for 12 months by trained research staff. All caregivers received coaching twice monthly. Children were assessed at 4 timepoints. Examiners and coders were naive to treatment assignment.
resultsNeither style nor intensity had main effects on the 4 outcome variables. In terms of moderating the effects of initial severity of developmental delay and of autism symptom severity, neither moderated the effects of treatment style on progress in any of the 4 domains. In terms of treatment intensity, initial severity moderated effect of treatment intensity on only 1 domain, namely, change in autism symptom severity; in a secondary analysis, this effect was found in only 1 site.
conclusionNeither treatment style nor intensity had overall effects on child outcomes in the 4 domains examined. Initial severity did not predict better response to 1 intervention style than to another. We found very limited evidence that initial severity predicted better response to 25 vs 15 hours per week of intervention in the domains studied. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Intervention Effects of Intensity and Delivery Style for Toddlers With Autism: https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02272192.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.