ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2021
Tumor organoid models in precision medicine and investigating cancer-stromal interactions.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Microenvironment-on-a-Chip: Construction and Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine Anti-Tumor Therapy.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Organoid models: Regulations and prospects for the development of investigational new drugs.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Micro Pattern-Based 3D Cell Culture Platform: An Overview of Technologies and Applications.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Tumor Organoid and Microenvironment Cocultures: Implications for Basic and Translational Cancer Research.MedComm · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organoids in gastric cancer: bridging the tumor microenvironment to functional precision oncology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Dynamic hydrogel mechanics in organoid engineering: From matrix design to translational paradigms.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Uncovering cantharidin's mechanism for cholangiocarcinoma treatment using patient-derived tumor organoids.iScience · 2025Article
- Application and prospects of lung organ-on-a-chip in the development of new drugs.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- Patient-Derived Organoids as a Platform to Decipher and Overcome Radioresistance: From the Tumor Microenvironment to Radiosensitizer Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- EIF2B4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and immune evasion by driving STAT3 translation via a GEF-dependent mechanism.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Current challenges and future directions of ATMPs in regenerative medicine.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Biomimetic Salivary Gland Cancer Spheroid Platform for In Vitro Recapitulation of Three-Dimensional Tumor-Stromal Interactions.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Iteration of Tumor Organoids in Drug Development: Simplification and Integration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Whole-process 3D ECM-encapsulated organoid-based automated high-throughput screening platform accelerates drug discovery for rare diseases.Life medicine · 2025Article
- Advances and challenges in human 3D solid tumor models.Advanced functional materials · 2025Article
- Review
- A decision point between transdifferentiation and programmed cell death priming controls KRAS-dependent pancreatic cancer development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-assisted organoid technology for disease modeling and drug screening.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor development and progression require chemical and mechanical cues derived from cellular and non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, and immune cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tissue culture models that can mimic in vivo cancer cell-ECM and cancer-stromal cell interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture models have been widely utilized to study cancer development and progression. A recent advance in 3D culture is the development of patient-derived tumor organoid (PDO) models from primary human cancer tissue. PDOs maintain the heterogeneity of the primary tumor, which makes them more relevant for identifying therapeutic targets and verifying drug response. Other significant advances include development of 3D co-culture assays to investigate cell-cell interactions and tissue/organ morphogenesis, and microfluidic technology that can be integrated into 3D culture to mimic vasculature and blood flow. These advances offer spatial and temporal insights into cancer cell-stromal interactions and represent novel techniques to study tumor progression and drug response. Here, we summarize the recent progress in 3D culture and tumor organoid models, and discuss future directions and the potential of utilizing these models to study cancer-stromal interactions and direct personalized treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.