ArticleRadiation research2020
Ultra-High-Dose-Rate FLASH Irradiation Limits Reactive Gliosis in the Brain.
Article in Radiation research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global clinical landscape and multidisciplinary translational frontiers of FLASH radiotherapy: a systematic review and visualized bibliometric mapping based on WoSCC and PubMed (2014-2025).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Electron FLASH radiotherapy in vivo studies. A systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The FLASH effect-an evaluation of preclinical studies of ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The current status of FLASH particle therapy: a systematic review.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Examining the Occurrence of the FLASH Effect in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ultra-High Dose Rate Proton or Carbon Ion Irradiation.Technology in cancer research & treatmentPooled it
- Harnessing the sparing effect of FLASH-RT: From phenomenon observation, radiophysical determinants to molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Investigating the FLASH Effect in a Rat Brain Organotypic Model With a Novel High-Energy Electron Beam.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026Article
- Is Ultrahigh Dose Rate Critical for the Effectiveness of Microbeam Radiation Therapy in a Broad-Beam Combined Treatment?Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Biological effects of conventional and ultra high dose rate radiation in human cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel Bragg peak FLASH radiotherapy: treatment of base-of-skull tumors within existing clinical guidelines.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Microenvironmental remodeling in FLASH radiotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The potential and risks of FLASH radiotherapy in pediatric patients.Neuro-oncology pediatrics · 2026Review
- Developing oxidative stress-responsive neuroprotective nanotheranostic agents for the image-guided treatment of radiotherapy-induced brain injury.Nanotheranostics · 2026Article
- Bidirectional interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in radiation-induced brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities for FLASH radiotherapy in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Radiation-induced changes of reactive astrocyte distribution in mice as a late response to partial-brain proton irradiation.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- Clinical translation of ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects.World journal of radiology · 2025Review
- Structural plasticity of pyramidal cell neurons measured after FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiation.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Ultra‑high dose rate (FLASH) treatment: A novel radiotherapy modality (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Consensus statement on the exploration of clinical translation and application of electron ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy.Precision radiation oncology · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Encephalic radiation therapy delivered at a conventional dose rate (CONV, 0.1-2.0 Gy/min) elicits a variety of temporally distinct damage signatures that invariably involve persistent indications of neuroinflammation. Past work has shown an involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in modulating the central nervous system (CNS) radiation injury response, where elevations in astrogliosis, microgliosis and cytokine signaling define a complex pattern of normal tissue toxicities that never completely resolve. These side effects constitute a major limitation in the management of CNS malignancies in both adult and pediatric patients. The advent of a novel ultra-high dose-rate irradiation modality termed FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT, instantaneous dose rates ≥106 Gy/s; 10 Gy delivered in 1-10 pulses of 1.8 µs) has been reported to minimize a range of normal tissue toxicities typically concurrent with CONV exposures, an effect that has been coined the "FLASH effect." Since the FLASH effect has now been found to significantly limit persistent inflammatory signatures in the brain, we sought to further elucidate whether changes in astrogliosis might account for the differential dose-rate response of the irradiated brain. Here we report that markers selected for activated astrogliosis and immune signaling in the brain (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; toll-like receptor 4, TLR4) are expressed at reduced levels after FLASH irradiation compared to CONV-irradiated animals. Interestingly, while FLASH-RT did not induce astrogliosis and TLR4, the expression level of complement C1q and C3 were found to be elevated in both FLASH and CONV irradiation modalities compared to the control. Although functional outcomes in the CNS remain to be cross-validated in response to the specific changes in protein expression reported, the data provide compelling evidence that distinguishes the dose-rate response of normal tissue injury in the irradiated brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.