ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
African Americans now outpace whites in opioid-involved overdose deaths: a comparison of temporal trends from 1999 to 2018.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing discharge opioid prescription in postoperative neurosurgical patients: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying Demographic Predictors of Increased Nonfatal Opioid Overdose Risk Among New York State Medicaid Enrollees After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Syringe service program utilization, behavioral, and experiential factors associated with greater naloxone protection in a longitudinal cohort of people who use illicit opioids in New York city.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- ZIP code-level alcohol outlet density and nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in 22 US metropolitan statistical areas: a multilevel modeling analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Spatial-Structural Mechanisms of Racialized Disparities in Overdose Mortality: A Spatiotemporal Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Timely Receipt of New Medication Treatment After Acute Care Encounters for Opioid Overdose in the U.S. Medicaid Population.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- Article
- Preferences and predictors driving opioid-involved polysubstance use profiles and trajectories: a prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Who feels safe calling 911: are prior experiences of anti-Black racial discrimination associated with hesitancy seeking emergency medical services in the event of accidental drug overdose? - a study protocol.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Fatal Opioid Overdoses by Historical and Contemporary Neighborhood-Level Structural Racism.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Syringe Service Program Utilization, Behavioral, and Experiential Factors Associated with Greater Naloxone Protection in a Longitudinal Cohort of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City.Research square · 2025Article
- Differences in opioid use and overdose among younger and older justice-impacted adults.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Examining trends in polydrug overdose deaths across rural Midwest counties in the United States, 2022 through 2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Something does not add up: Rethinking how we compensate for research participation among people who use drugs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Fair allocation strategies for opioid settlements.Health care management science · 2025Article
- Opioid Use Among Individuals in Intimate Relationships.Couple & family psychology · 2025Article
- Factors associated with mortality following hospitalization among veterans with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Missouri naloxone distribution 2017-2023: Evaluation and implications of applying a naloxone saturation model.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with overdose among patients with a substance-related diagnosis in the emergency department of Southern California.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo estimate racial differences in rates of opioid-involved overdose deaths (OOD) between whites and African Americans in the United States from 1999 to 2018 to (1) identify racial variation in the temporal trends of OOD during the 20-year period and (2) compare trends in OOD rates between whites and African Americans using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) three defined OOD epidemic periods.
methodsData were obtained from the CDC wide-ranging on-line data for epidemiological research, which combines OOD data from the National Vital Statistics System, and population data from the US Census Bureau. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate age-adjusted annual percentage change (APC) in OOD by race from 1999 to 2018.
resultsThe temporal trends of OOD varied by race. African Americans had a persistently low rate of OOD and statistically non-significant rate of change in OOD from 1999 to 2012 (APC = 0.47; P > 0.05), with a statistically significant and rapid acceleration in OOD rates in 2012 that persisted to 2018 (APC = 26.16; P < 0.01). Whites had three statistically significant periods of acceleration in OOD rate from 1999 to 2006 (APC = 12.43; P < 0.01), 2006 to 2013 (APC = 4.34, P < 0.01) and the greatest increase from 2013 to 2016 (APC = 18.96; P < 0.01). Whites had a statistically non-significant decrease in OOD from 2016 to 2018 (P = 0.16). The trend for whites more closely aligned with the CDC-defined epidemic periods than for African Americans. During wave 1 (1999-2010), the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for African Americans was significantly lower than for whites (0.47 versus 9.42, P < 0.01); however, by wave 3 (2013-current; defined by the introduction of illicitly manufactured fentanyl), the AAPC was significantly higher in African Americans (26.16 versus 13.19, P < 0.01).
conclusionsDespite historically lower rates of opioid misuse and opioid-involved overdose deaths among African Americans compared with whites, the growth in opioid-involved overdose deaths among African Americans now outpaces that of whites in the United States.
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