ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2020
Geolocation as a Digital Phenotyping Measure of Negative Symptoms and Functional Outcome.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Geolocation-derived mobility indices and the association with clinical symptoms and functioning in severe mental illness: A multivariate meta-analysis.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Pooled it
- The integration of geographic methods and ecological momentary assessment in public health research: A systematic review of methods and applications.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Pooled it
- Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior: a Systematic Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Pooled it
- Enhancing Assertive Community Treatment With Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia: II. Ecological Momentary Assessment Outcomes in a Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- Elevated defeatist performance beliefs predict state increases in negative symptoms in daily life in clinical high-risk for psychosis youth: implications for mobile health treatments.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Beyond RCTs-Better Research Designs and Methods for Psychosocial Efficacy Studies in Mental Health.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Review
- Discrepancies between ideal and actual affect predict negative symptoms in schizophrenia in daily life: An ecological momentary assessment study.Psychiatry research · 2026Article
- Predicting daily cognition and lifestyle behaviors for older adults using smart home data and ecological momentary assessment.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Measuring emotion dysregulation in pregnancy using smartphone activity: a prospective research study in the United States.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- AI-enabled passive digital phenotyping of experiential negative symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a narrative review on the path from sensing to clinical endpoints.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Digital tools for assessing bipolar disorder: A scoping review of the current landscape.Neuroscience applied · 2026Article
- Subjective Perceptions of Digital Phenotyping Measures of Negative Symptoms Among Individuals At Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and Their Relatives.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2026Article
- Passive sensing of anhedonia and amotivation in a transdiagnostic sample.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Environmental deprivation is associated with reward processing impairments and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- The Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR): Psychometric Validation of the Final 11-Item Version.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Digital phenotyping evidence for the reduced positivity offset as a mechanism underlying anhedonia among individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Social network reductions are associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Nomophobia, Psychopathology, and Smartphone-Inferred Behaviors in Youth With Depression: Longitudinal Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Utility of Digital Phenotyping Based on Wrist Wearables and Smartphones in Psychosis: Observational Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Observational
- A systematic review of passive data for remote monitoring in psychosis and schizophrenia.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNegative symptoms and functional outcome have traditionally been assessed using clinical rating scales, which rely on retrospective self-reports and have several inherent limitations that impact validity. These issues may be addressed with more objective digital phenotyping measures. In the current study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel "passive" digital phenotyping method: geolocation.
methodParticipants included outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ: n = 44), outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD: n =19), and demographically matched healthy controls (CN: n = 42) who completed 6 days of "active" digital phenotyping assessments (eg, surveys) while geolocation was recorded.
resultsResults indicated that SZ patients show less activity than CN and BD, particularly, in their travel from home. Geolocation variables demonstrated convergent validity by small to medium correlations with negative symptoms and functional outcome measured via clinical rating scales, as well as active digital phenotyping behavioral indices of avolition, asociality, and anhedonia. Discriminant validity was supported by low correlations with positive symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Reliability was supported by good internal consistency and moderate stability across days.
conclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of geolocation as an objective measure of negative symptoms and functional outcome. Geolocation offers enhanced precision and the ability to take a "big data" approach that facilitates sophisticated computational models. Near-continuous recordings and large numbers of samples may make geolocation a novel outcome measure for clinical trials due to enhanced power to detect treatment effects.
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