ReviewFrontiers in medicine2020
Secondary Bacterial Infections in Patients With Viral Pneumonia.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/CS/REL): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors: a systematic review.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Longitudinal assessment of IFN-I activity and immune profile in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Review
- Host-response biomarker panels for distinguishing selected acute respiratory viral-bacterial co-infections from mono-infections.iScience · 2026Review
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Six-Year Retrospective Cohort and 30-Day Mortality Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- COVID-19 as a Potential Trigger for Tuberculosis: Insights From a Large-Scale Japanese Insurance Database Analysis.Journal of general and family medicine · 2026Article
- Leukocytic ADAM10 and ADAM17 modulate disease severity and systemic outcome in bacterial and viral pneumonia.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients: potential source of bacterial infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Empirical antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients: patterns and predictors in a resource-constrained Central Indian setting.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2026Article
- Molecular Diagnostics, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients: A Prospective Study from Jordan and a Call for National Guideline Integration.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Laboratory characteristics and immune-inflammatory profiles ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with catheter-related and catheter-associated bloodstream infections: a retrospective observational study focused on CVADs and midlines.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Observational
- C6 peptide blockade of Hv1 channels inhibits neutrophil migration into the lungs to suppress Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Variant Infection on the Nasopharyngeal Commensal Bacterial Microbiome of Individuals from the Brazilian Amazon.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Data-driven machine learning algorithm model for pneumonia prediction and determinant factor stratification among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Dysbiosis of the oropharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19: distinct profiles in patients with severe respiratory symptoms.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Targeted next-generation sequencing for pediatric lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Interplay between respiratory viruses and cilia in the airways.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases of viral origin are often followed by the manifestation of secondary infections, leading to further clinical complications and negative disease outcomes. Thus, research on secondary infections is essential. Here, we review clinical data of secondary bacterial infections developed after the onset of pulmonary viral infections. We review the most recent clinical data and current knowledge of secondary bacterial infections and their treatment in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients; case reports from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV2 and the best-studied respiratory virus, influenza, are described. We outline treatments used or prophylactic measures employed for secondary bacterial infections. This evaluation includes recent clinical reports of pulmonary viral infections, including those by COVID-19, that reference secondary infections. Where data was provided for COVID-19 patients, a mortality rate of 15.2% due to secondary bacterial infections was observed for patients with pneumonia (41 of 268). Most clinicians treated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections with prophylactic antibiotics (63.7%,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.