ReviewFrontiers in oncology2020
Synergies of Antiangiogenic Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Theoretical Background to Clinical Reality.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Efficacy of First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapies in Patients With Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Japanese Multicenter Cohort Study.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
- Angiogenic and immune predictors of neoadjuvant axitinib response in renal cell carcinoma with venous tumour thrombus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- AK112 (PD-1/VEGF-a bispecific antibody) combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A dynamic visualization clinical tool constructed and validated based on the SEER database for screening the optimal surgical candidates for bone metastasis in primary kidney cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- [Mechanism of nuclear protein 1 in the resistance to axitinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting HIF-2 Alpha in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- SAA1 Has Potential as a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Cell Proliferation, Migration, and an Indicator for Immune Infiltration of Tumor Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- CD93 is Associated with Glioma-related Malignant Processes and Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration as an Inspiring Biomarker of Survivance.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy: A new standard in the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.World journal of clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Analyzing and validating the prognostic value and immune microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Animal cells and systems · 2022Article
- REchallenge of NIVOlumab (RENIVO) or Nivolumab-Ipilimumab in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Ambispective Multicenter Study.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy in Combination with Well-Established Treatment Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Insights.Cancer management and research · 2022Review
- Antiangiogenic Therapy in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (CCRC): Pharmacological Basis and Clinical Results.Cancers · 2021Review
- Review
- Antiangiogenic therapy reverses the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment.Biomarker research · 2021Review
- Inhibition of FGF-FGFR and VEGF-VEGFR signalling in cancer treatment.Cell proliferation · 2021Review
- Adverse Effects and Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors For Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hallmarks of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are angiogenesis and immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Over the past decades, treatment options for metastatic RCC (mRCC) have been expanding, from the inhibition of vessel formation via antiangiogenic agents (AAs) to the stimulation of immune system by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Since 2005, the introduction of antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFRs), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway have experienced moderate success in the therapeutics of mRCC, but patient outcomes remain suboptimal. Recently, the development of ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathways has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of mRCC. Expressly, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has been confirmed to improve clinical outcomes and approved as a standard care for intermediate- or poor-risk mRCC patients. Nevertheless, innate or adaptive drug resistance is observed within both treatment approaches, limiting overall clinical benefit. This phenomenon will underscore the urgent need for new combinational therapy strategies with different mechanisms of action, which can improve efficacy in an extended patient population without severe toxic effects. In 2019, as the results of two critical phase III trials came to light, FDA approved axitinib plus avelumab, or pembrolizumab as first-line standard management for mRCC, which cements the combination of AAs plus ICIs and advances the mRCC treatment field. This review summarizes current evidence on the interplay and synergies between AAs and immunomodulating drugs in mRCC, focusing on the theoretical background and the status of current clinical development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.