ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2020
A protracted cholera outbreak among residents in an urban setting, Nairobi county, Kenya, 2015.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of water quality with cholera in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Cholera in Kenya: A scoping review of current research, evidence gaps and future directions.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal pattern and risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks in selected high-risk areas of Kenya.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- Exploration of the social determinants of diarrhoea, rotavirus vaccine uptake, and vaccine 'fatigue' in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Malawi.PloS one · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Cholera Outbreaks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Pathways of exposure to Vibrio Cholerae in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Cholera Outbreak and Summary of the Preparedness and Response Activities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Article
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16 authors.
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Abstract
introductionin 2015, a cholera outbreak was confirmed in Nairobi county, Kenya, which we investigated to identify risk factors for infection and recommend control measures.
methodswe analyzed national cholera surveillance data to describe epidemiological patterns and carried out a case-control study to find reasons for the Nairobi county outbreak. Suspected cholera cases were Nairobi residents aged >2 years with acute watery diarrhea (>4 stools/≤12 hours) and illness onset 1-14 May 2015. Confirmed cases had Vibrio cholerae isolated from stool. Case-patients were frequency-matched to persons without diarrhea (1:2 by age group, residence), interviewed using standardized questionaires. Logistic regression identified factors associated with case status. Household water was analyzed for fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli.
resultsduring December 2014-June 2015, 4,218 cholera cases including 282 (6.7%) confirmed cases and 79 deaths (case-fatality rate [CFR] 1.9%) were reported from 14 of 47 Kenyan counties. Nairobi county reported 781 (19.0 %) cases (attack rate, 18/100,000 persons), including 607 (78%) hospitalisations, 20 deaths (CFR 2.6%) and 55 laboratory-confirmed cases (7.0%). Seven (70%) of 10 water samples from communal water points had coliforms; one had Escherichia coli. Factors associated with cholera in Nairobi were drinking untreated water (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-18.8), lacking health education (aOR 2.4, CI 1.1-7.9) and eating food outside home (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.7).
conclusionwe recommend safe water, health education, avoiding eating foods prepared outside home and improved sanitation in Nairobi county. Adherence to these practices could have prevented this protacted cholera outbreak.
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