ArticleWorld journal of oncology2020
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy in Middle-Income Countries: A Single-Center Early Experience.
Article in World journal of oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lymphatic Complications in Patients Undergoing Melanoma Surgery in Peru.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Priority setting for improved leukemia management and research in South Africa: a modified Delphi study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Metastatic conjunctival melanoma: a multicentre international study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in cervical cancer: an innovative approach for better treatment outcomes.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources; Current Challenges and Potential Solutions.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Adoption and use of immunotherapy in breast cancer management in Africa: barriers and prospect - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundImmunotherapy agents offer novel treatment options in advanced cancers. However, their use is limited in developing countries lacking unifying guidelines and can be followed by a financial burden. In this study, we aimed to provide an overview regarding the use of immunotherapy and the overall response to treatment in patients with metastatic disease in relation to cost-effectiveness.
methodsThis was a retrospective study involving adult metastatic cancer patients, treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors at American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary cancer center in Lebanon. Study enrollment began on January 1, 2014 and ended on January 12, 2016. Baseline demographics, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from the patients' records.
resultsOur study consisted of 34 patients. Fifteen patients self-financed the treatment. The patients were prescribed immunotherapy without programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing as it was not part of the guidelines at the time. Twenty-two patients were treated with nivolumab and 12 patients with pembrolizumab. Thirteen patients showed partial response or stable disease, while 21 patients showed progression.
conclusionImprovement in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival has been undercut by the lack of availability of these drugs and their cost. Considering that a large percentage of patients do not respond to immunotherapy, there is a need to use guidelines such as a preset PD-L1 level that ensure cost-effectiveness and prevent resource waste.
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