ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon - Rediscovered.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive Immunity in Marsupials.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Review
- Label-Free Profiling of Immunoglobulin Isotypes Using Solid-State Nanopores.Small methods · 2026Article
- Enterovirus infections in children.Pediatric investigation · 2026Review
- Malaria serology for surveillance, insights into immunity, and vaccine development.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into probiotic modulation of the gut-immune axis and their role as sustainable antibiotic alternatives in poultry production: An integrative review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Optimizing Feeding Regimens with Differential Protein Levels to Enhance Growth and Health in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dietary Glucose Oxidase Supplementation During Gestation Improves Health Status by Affecting Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Farrowing Sows.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Electroosmotic Flow-Driven Nanopore Translocation of Large, Conformationally Dynamic Proteins: Overcoming Steric and Electrostatic Barriers.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Low IgM Levels in Adult IEI: Classification Challenges and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Enhancing Laying Hens' Egg Quality and Health with Se-Enriched Earthworm Hydrolysate.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- The fc fragment of IgMs binds C1q to activate the first step of the classical complement pathway, while inhibiting complement-dependent cytotoxicity.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Mef2d regulates mutually exclusive expression of IgZ and IgM isotypes through epigenetic modulation in a zebrafish model.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Biparatopic targeting of CD38 using CD38-specific trimeric antibody recruiters improves cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Significant glomerular IgM deposition predicts poorer kidney outcomes in lupus nephritis compared with other forms of immune complex deposits.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate.eLife · 2025Article
- Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices and metabolites, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora of Cherry Valley broiler ducks.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Breadth of antibody activity elicited by an influenza B hemagglutinin vaccine is influenced by pre-existing immune responses to influenza B viruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM - long thought to be a perfect pentamer - was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM's role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.