ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term health effects of antipyretic drug use in the aging population: a systematic review.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Pooled it
- A Randomized Trial of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome from COVID-19.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Prevalence and impact of COVID-19 sequelae on treatment and survival of patients with cancer who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection: evidence from the OnCovid retrospective, multicentre registry study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Implications of Rho GTPase signaling in cancer immunotherapy.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Age-associated changes in major lymphocyte subsets and sex-specific patterns in healthy Chinese adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 surge in Guillain-Barré syndrome during the Omicron wave in China with clinical characteristics and potential immune-mediated pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Nomogram-based prediction model for tocilizumab-induced leukopenia in adults using FAERS and PMDA data.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Observational
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning in immunosenescence: from biomarker discovery to clinical translation.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Application of artificial intelligence in geriatric infection: recent advances and prospects.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Conquering aging-related immunosenescence and tumor immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Article
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Profiles of Unvaccinated Nonagenarian Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- The influence of structured physical activity on vaccination response from adults to older individuals: a systematic review on the Immunoinflammatory crosstalk of COVID-19.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Sex-based differences in mortality among a large cohort of hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at five different pandemic waves in Northern Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A model including CD15, ACE2 and age efficiently predicts COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inflammageing, a targetable pathway for preventing cardiovascular diseases.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The remodeling of immune response that is observed among the elderly could explain, at least in part, the age gradient in lethality of COVID-19. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which entails changes that occur in both innate and adaptive immunity with aging. Furthermore, we will discuss inflamm-aging, a low-grade inflammatory state triggered by continuous antigenic stimulation, which may ultimately increase all-cause mortality. In general, the elderly are less capable of responding to neo-antigens, because of lower naïve T cell frequency. Furthermore, they have an expansion of memory T cells with a shrinkage of the T cell diversity repertoire. When infected by SARS-CoV-2, young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response. Indeed, antibody-secreting cells and follicular helper T cells are thought to be effectively activated in young patients that present a favorable prognosis. In contrast, the elderly are more prone to an uncontrolled activation of innate immune response that leads to cytokine release syndrome and tissue damage. The failure to trigger an effective adaptive immune response in combination with a higher pro-inflammatory tonus may explain why the elderly do not appropriately control viral replication and the potential clinical consequences triggered by a cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and disseminated organ injury. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.