ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Host biological sex directs immune control of theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Revealing the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis and research progress in drug discovery from hepatic immune cells and intercellular communication signaling mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Androgens inhibit protective CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Gut-brain axis in adolescent depression: a systematic review of psychological implications and behavioral interventions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Plasma testosterone concentration is correlated with circulating immune cell abundance in transgender young people on gender-affirming hormone treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Exploration of drug repurposing for Mpox outbreaks targeting gene signatures and host-pathogen interactions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Are Gender Differences Important for Autoimmune Liver Diseases?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Evidence of the Role of Inflammation and the Hormonal Environment in the Pathogenesis of Adrenal Myelolipomas in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in chronic liver disease and benign liver lesions.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance and Inflammation via Gonadal Steroid Hormones in Preterm Birth.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system responds differently in women and in men. Generally speaking, adult females show stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males. This results in lower risk of developing most of the infectious diseases and a better ability to clear viral infection in women (1-5). On the other hand, women are at increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases (AID) such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and the autoimmune liver diseases autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (6). Factors contributing to the female sex bias in autoimmune diseases include environmental exposure, e.g., microbiome, behavior, and genetics including X chromosomal inactivation of genes. Several lines of evidence and clinical observations clearly indicate that sex hormones contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis, and the role of estrogen in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied. In many of these diseases, including the autoimmune liver diseases, T cells are thought to play an important pathogenetic role. We will use this mini-review to focus on the effects of androgens on T cells and how the two major androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.