ReviewFrontiers in neurology2020
Intracortical Inhibition in the Affected Hemisphere in Limb Amputation.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased motor cortex inhibition as a marker of compensation to chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Understanding intracortical excitability in phantom limb pain: A multivariate analysis from a multicenter randomized clinical trial.Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology · 2021Trial
- Comparative Analysis of Standing Postural Control and Perturbation-Induced Muscle Activity in Transtibial and Transfemoral Amputees.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Defective Intracortical Inhibition as a Marker of Impaired Neural Compensation in Amputees Undergoing Rehabilitation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- EEG Oscillations as Neuroplastic Markers of Neural Compensation in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: The Role of Slow-Frequency Bands.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Neuropsychiatric drugs and a neurophysiological marker as predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with phantom limb pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Clinical Characteristics Associated with the PLP-PLS Index, a New Potential Metric to Phenotype Phantom Limb Pain.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Impact of Obesity as a Peripheral Disruptor of Brain Inhibitory Mechanisms in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Developing transcranial direct current stimulation as a treatment for phantom limb pain: from pilot mechanistic studies to large clinical studies.Principles and practice of clinical research (2015) · 2024Article
- Editorial: Bench to Bedside - the translation of intracortical inhibition marker to clinical practice.Principles and practice of clinical research (2015) · 2022Article
- Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cortical stimulation for chronic pain: from anecdote to evidence.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Review
- EEG theta and beta bands as brain oscillations for different knee osteoarthritis phenotypes according to disease severity.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Deficit of Inhibition as a Marker of Neuroplasticity (DEFINE Study) in Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- The role of biological sex in neurophysiological associations of patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain: a prospective cross-sectional study.Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)Article
- Association of Mu opioid receptor (A118G) and BDNF (G196A) polymorphisms with rehabilitation-induced cortical inhibition and analgesic response in chronic osteoarthritis pain.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) affects up to 80% of amputees. Despite the lack of consensus about the etiology and pathophysiology of phantom experiences, previous evidence pointed out the role of changes in motor cortex excitability as an important factor associated with amputation and PLP. In this systematic review, we investigated changes in intracortical inhibition as indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in amputees and its relationship to pain. Four electronic databases were screened to identify studies using TMS to measure cortical inhibition, such as short intracortical inhibition (SICI), long intracortical inhibition (LICI) and cortical silent period (CSP). Seven articles were included and evaluated cortical excitability comparing the affected hemisphere with the non-affected hemisphere or with healthy controls. None of them correlated cortical disinhibition and clinical parameters, such as the presence or intensity of PLP. However, most studies showed decreased SICI in amputees affected hemisphere. These results highlight that although SICI seems to be changed in the affected hemisphere in amputees, most of the studies did not investigate its clinical correlation. Thus, the question of whether they are a valid diagnostic marker remains unanswered. Also, the results were highly variable for both measurements due to the heterogeneity of study designs and group comparisons in each study. Although these results underscore the role of inhibitory networks after amputation, more studies are needed to investigate the role of a decreased inhibitory drive in the motor cortex to the cause and maintenance of PLP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.