ArticleFrontiers in physiology2020
Interleukin (IL)-6: A Friend or Foe of Pregnancy and Parturition? Evidence From Functional Studies in Fetal Membrane Cells.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Follicular Fluid Biomarkers and IVF/ICSI Outcomes in Normo-Ovulatory Women-A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Psychosocial stress and associations with inflammation in mid-gestation maternal, fetal, and placental tissue.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and IL-6: Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Black Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Do progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC)s play a role in the chorions refractoriness to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)?Journal of reproductive immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring stress and depressive symptoms in pregnancy and the IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein pathway: Looking for possible biomarker targets.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Defining knowledge gaps in preterm birth research: Can biomarkers fill the gaps?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of nano curcumin administration on IL-6 expression in placental organs and fetal weight exposed to stress during pregnancy in mice.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- A multi-organ, feto-maternal interface organ-on-chip, models pregnancy pathology and is a useful preclinical extracellular vesicle drug trial platform.Extracellular vesicle · 2024Article
- Preexisting maternal immunity to AAV but not Cas9 impairs in utero gene editing in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Histologic Evidence of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy in Human Fetal Membranes.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Reproductive organ on-a-chip technologies and assessments of the fetal-maternal interface.Frontiers in lab on a chip technologies · 2024Article
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction Due to Gestational Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Diagnosis and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Article
- Molecular mechanisms involved in the IL-6-mediated upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression in the chorionic villi and decidua of women in early pregnancy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Combined Effects of Methyldopa and Baicalein orPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of feto-maternal reproductive tissues generates inflammation: a detrimental factor for preterm birth.BMB reports · 2022Article
- Fetal inflammatory response at the fetomaternal interface: A requirement for labor at term and preterm.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Oral Microbiome Profiles and Inflammation in Pregnant Women Who Used Orthodontic Appliances.Dentistry journal · 2022Article
- Article
- Generation and characterization of human Fetal membrane and Decidual cell lines for reproductive biology experiments†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveProtection of the fetus within the amniotic sac is primarily attained by remodeling fetal membrane (amniochorion) cells through cyclic epithelial to mesenchymal and mesenchymal to epithelial (EMT and MET) transitions. Endocrine and paracrine factors regulate EMT and MET during pregnancy. At term, increased oxidative stress forces a terminal state of EMT and inflammation, predisposing to membrane weakening and rupture. IL-6 is a constitutively expressed cytokine during gestation, but it is elevated in term and preterm births. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that IL-6 can determine the fate of amnion membrane cells and that pathologic levels of IL-6 can cause a terminal state of EMT and inflammation, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
methodsPrimary amnion epithelial cells (AECs) were treated with recombinant IL-6 (330, 1,650, 3,330, and 16,000 pg/ml) for 48 h (
resultsIL-6 treatment of AECs at physiologic or pathologic doses increased JNK and p38MAPK activation; however, the activation of signals did not cause changes in AEC cell cycle, cellular senescence, apoptosis, necrosis, cellular transitions, or inflammation (MMP9 and GM-CSF) compared to control. EMT markers were higher on D18 compared to D12 regardless of IL-6 status in the mouse amniotic sac.
conclusionPhysiologic and pathologic concentrations of IL-6 did not cause amnion cell aging, cell death, cellular transitions, or inflammation. IL-6 may function to maintain cellular homeostasis throughout gestation in fetal membrane cells. Although IL-6 is a good biomarker for adverse pregnancies, it is not an indicator of an underlying pathological mechanism in membrane cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.